A Review on Green Analytical Chemistry

The field of analytical chemistry is undergoing a transformation toward sustainability by minimizing hazardous reagents, reducing waste, and optimizing energy consumption. This review examines strategies for eco-friendly analysis—from sample preparation through detection—emphasizing automation, miniaturization, and process intensification. A greener workflow not only curbs toxic by-products but also supports safer laboratory practices and aligns with broader environmental goals. Critical evaluation of solvent selection, instrument design, and procedural modifications highlights pathways to implement benign methodologies without compromising analytical performance. This synthesis outlines current advances, practical guidelines, and future directions for embedding green principles throughout the analytical lifecycle.