Formation Peculiarities of the Russian Political Radicalism (2012–2024)

The article explores the ideological foundations and transnational networks shaping Russian political radicalism under Vladimir Putin’s presidency (2012–2024). Using an interdisciplinary approach that combines traditional historical analysis with computer-based Complex Network Analysis (CNA), the study identifies ideological exchanges between Russian and Western far-right movements. The research demonstrates that Russian political radicalism, despite its declared exceptionalism, is strongly interconnected with European and American extremist discourses. The authors map ideological and organisational links across key actors such as Aleksandr Dugin, Konstantin Malofeev, and the World Congress of Families, providing a computational visualisation of influence networks. The article contributes to understanding how hybrid authoritarian ideologies evolve through cross-border circulation of radical ideas and digital propaganda ecosystems.