EARLY DETECTION AND PREVENTION MEASURES OF EPILEPTIC SEIZURES

Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic diseases of the central nervous system, with it is main clinical manifestation being recurrent epileptic seizures. The disease occurs in 0.5–1% of the world’s population and negatively affects patient social adaptation, quality of life and work capacity. Developing measures for the early detection and prevention of epileptic seizures is currently one of the most urgent directions in medicine. This work highlights the etiology and pathogenesis of epileptic seizures, the role of genetic factors, brain injuries, infectious diseases, and metabolic disorders. In the early diagnosis of epileptic seizures, clinical signs, electroencephalography (EEG), and neuroimaging (MRI, CT) examinations are emphasized. Moreover, the effectiveness of modern approaches such as pharmacological prevention, appropriate selection of antiepileptic drugs, surgical methods, and neurostimulation in epilepsy management is discussed. It is noted that not only medications but also lifestyle modifications, adherence to sleep hygiene, reduction of psycho-emotional stress, and avoidance of harmful habits are of great importance in preventing epileptic seizures. In addition, providing psychological support to patients and ensuring their social support within the family and community play an essential role in reducing the negative consequences of epilepsy.