Medical Treatment with Miracle Leaf (Bryophyllum pinnatum): A Review

Perennial succulent Bryophyllum pinnatum is a member of the Crassulaceae family and goes by several names, including Miracle Leaf, Life Plant, and "Odaa opue" in Nigeria. Many African, Asian, and South American medicinal traditions place a high value on this plant due to its many medicinal uses. Results from phytochemical studies show that the plant contains bioactive substances including steroids, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. These chemicals are the basis for its many biological actions, such as its ability to heal wounds, reduce inflammation, fight bacteria, prevent cancer, lower blood sugar, and protect the kidneys and liver. B. pinnatum has a long history of use in traditional medicine for a variety of ailments, including but not limited to: skin infections, hypertension, ulcers, diabetes, kidney stones, and coughs. Recent pharmacological research has shown that it has antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, confirming several of these uses. There is a shortage of standardised extracts, optimisation of dosage, and thorough clinical trials despite its therapeutic potential. The phytochemistry, pharmacological features, therapeutic uses, and future of Bryophyllum pinnatum in medicine are summarised in this review, which focusses on the plant's significance to contemporary medication development.