A Study on the Thermal Performance of Eco-Friendly Flame-Retardant Building Materials Using Bamboo Charcoal Composites

Environmental friendliness and fire safety have emerged as essential factors in selecting building materials. As sustainable development and carbon neutrality goals grow more important, the demand for eco-friendly materials increases. Among such materials, charcoal has received attention due to its low thermal conductivity, high porosity, and ability to suppress flames [1]. In this study, over 50 composite samples were fabricated using three types of charcoal (activated carbon, bamboo charcoal, oak charcoal) combined with four different additives: vermiculite, perlite, salt, and a mixed additive (V.S.P). Among the tested samples, the bamboo charcoal with 4g of vermiculite showed the best thermal performance, maintaining an average temperature of 185.6°C and a mass loss rate of only 6.6%. These results indicate competitive performance compared to conventional gypsum board [4]. The charcoal composites, being low-cost and environmentally sustainable, offer promising potential for future application as flame-retardant building materials.