In vitro comparative evaluation of the anthelmintic effects of ethanolic extracts from Carica papaya leaves and seeds against Ascaridia galli

Gastrointestinal nematodes, particularly Ascaridia galli, significantly threaten free-range chicken production, reducing growth and productivity. Raisers commonly use synthetic anthelmintics like levamisole; however, concerns over resistance and cost have driven interest in plant-based alternatives. This study evaluates the in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of ethanolic extracts from Carica papaya seeds and leaves against A. galli. Freshly collected nematodes from slaughtered native chickens were exposed to seven treatments: T0 (positive control—levamisole), T1–T3 (1 mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml, and 5 mg/ml ethanolic seed extracts), and T4–T6 (1 mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml, and 5 mg/ml ethanolic leaf extracts). Worm mortality was assessed at 1, 3, and 6 hours post-exposure. T1 (1 mg/ml seed extract), T3 (5 mg/ml seed extract), and T6 (5 mg/ml leaf extract) exhibited high mortality comparable to levamisole at 6 hours, suggesting strong anthelmintic potential. Phytochemical analysis revealed that tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides were absent in PLEE, while only alkaloids and flavonoids were detected in PSEE. The absence of these compounds may be due to variations in extraction methods and solvent use rather than their complete absence. Statistical analysis showed significant differences (p < 0.05) across treatments and time intervals. These findings suggest that papaya extracts hold promise as natural anthelmintics for poultry parasite control. In vivo research is recommended to ensure safety and practical application in chickens.

published by the  International Journal of Biosciences | IJB