The Impact of Social Support Networks on Psychological Distress Among Incarcerated Individuals at Ukonga Central Prison, Dar Es Salaam- Tanzania

Incarceration presents substantial psychological challenges, often intensifying distress such as anxiety, depression, and emotional isolation. This qualitative study explored the impact of social support networks on psychological distress among inmates at Ukonga Central Prison, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Using purposive sampling, 30 participants including inmates, family members, and prison staff were interviewed to understand the types, impacts and strategies for enhancing these social support networks in mitigating distress among inmates. Thematic analysis revealed four key themes as the main sources of support within the prison context, the themes included family support networks, peer support networks, institutional support from correctional staff, and community-based support through non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Findings highlight the critical role of family contact and peer solidarity in buffering psychological distress, while institutional limitations and restrictive visitation policies often exacerbate inmates’ mental health challenges. The study highlights the need for improved communication infrastructure, expanded mental health services, stigma reduction, and structured reintegration programs to promote inmate well-being and successful reentry. These insights contribute to understanding and addressing mental health needs in Tanzanian prisons and similar low-resource correctional settings.