Prevalence And Foetal Outcomes of Thyroid Dysfunction and Anaemia in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Evaluation

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is one of the most common endocrine disorders during pregnancy, second only to diabetes, and can significantly impact maternal and foetal outcomes. Anaemia, another prevalent condition in pregnancy, is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal complications. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and anaemia among pregnant women and their association with foetal outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective, record-based observational study was conducted at an Urban Health Training Centre. Data from 352 pregnant women aged 18-45 years were analyzed, including thyroid function tests (TSH, Free T3, Free T4), haemoglobin levels, and pregnancy outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed to determine associations between thyroid dysfunction, anaemia, and foetal outcomes such as birth weight, preterm birth, and delivery mode.

Results: Among the study population, 95.45% were euthyroid, while 3.13% had hypothyroidism and 1.42% had hyperthyroidism. Anaemia was present in 54.55% of the women, with moderate anaemia being the most common (26.42%). Low birth weight (LBW) was observed in 15.06% of newborns. No statistically significant association was found between thyroid dysfunction or anaemia and LBW (p > 0.05). However, thyroid dysfunction was linked to a higher incidence of caesarean section and preterm birth.

Conclusion: While thyroid dysfunction and anaemia were prevalent among pregnant women, their direct association with LBW was not statistically significant. However, given their potential impact on maternal and foetal health, routine screening for thyroid disorders and anaemia during pregnancy is recommended to ensure early diagnosis and timely intervention.