Adult-onset Rasmussen encephalitis: A late presentation case report

Rasmussen's encephalitis is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease predominantly affecting one cerebral hemisphere, with an unknown etiology but associated with potential autoimmune and infectious mechanisms. Although its incidence is highest between 6 and 10 years of age, 10% of cases occur in adults, as demonstrated by the reported case of a 39-year-old male. This progressive inflammatory condition is characterized by cerebral volume reduction, a crucial finding in the differential diagnosis of neurological disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging plays a fundamental role in its diagnosis. This case highlights the clinical and imaging features of the disease in adult patients, an uncommon but clinically relevant presentation for medical practice.