Inferring Smartphone Application Types Via Inaudible Charging Sound: A New Acoustic Side-Channel Attack

IEEE Franklin V. Taylor Memorial Award - Nominees   in IEEE SMC 2025, Vienna.

Dataset

The dataset contains 36 audio recordings captured during smartphone charging sessions across different application scenarios.

If you use the dataset in an academic work, please cite: 

@INPROCEEDINGS{11342983,
  author={Meng, Junchen and Yang, Zhe and Zhang, Xiaoli and Zhu, Huaiyu},
  booktitle={2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)}, 
  title={Inferring Smartphone Application Types via Inaudible Charging Sound: A New Acoustic Side-channel Attack}, 
  year={2025},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={6301-6306},
  keywords={Training;Representation learning;Privacy;Accuracy;Side-channel attacks;Transformers;Acoustics;Stability analysis;Security;Protection},
  doi={10.1109/SMC58881.2025.11342983}}

Recording Specifications

- **Sampling Rate**: 192 kHz (high-fidelity acoustic capture)
- **Recording**: Continuous full-session audio (no pre-sliced segments; slicing done during preprocessing)
- **Format**: WAV (uncompressed)
- **Microphone**: Double X0 pickup microphone
- **Battery Level**: All recordings at 100% capacity
- **Environment**: Controlled ambient conditions for reproducible acoustic feature extraction

Device Specifications

Smartphones:

- **Redmi Note 12T**: Mid-range Android device
- **Huawei Nova 6**: Legacy device for cross-generational analysis

Chargers:

- **Xiaomi 67W Charger**: Fast charging (QC/PD protocols)
- **Ugreen Dual-Port 20W**: Baseline charging (17W single-port mode)

Application Categories

| Category                | Applications                                       | Protocol                              |
| ----------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- |
| **Games**         | Minecraft, Sky: Children of the Light, PUBG Mobile | 3D scene navigation and gameplay      |
| **Social**        | QQ, DingTalk                                       | Text messaging and transmission       |
| **Entertainment** | Douyin (TikTok), Kuaishou (Kwai)                   | Video playback with content switching |
| **Shopping**      | JD, Pinduoduo                                      | Product browsing and selection        |

File Structure

```

dataset/
├── 01.wav ~ 36.wav    # Audio recordings
└── labels.json        # Metadata with app names and device info
```

Each entry in `labels.json` contains:

```json
{
  "app_name": "Application name",
  "device": {
    "phone": "Smartphone model",
    "charger": "Charger specification"
  }
}
```