Suburban areas can act as refuge for carabids (ground beetles) in cities with high climate seasonality and urban heat island effect: a global meta-analysis

The dataset is the collection of data for the article "Suburban areas can act as refuge for carabids (ground beetles) in cities with high climate seasonality and urban heat island effect: a global meta-analysis." accepted to Diversity and Distributions. The table contains data collected from published articles for the above-mentioned meta-analysis. The article contains the citations for the articles from which the data originates. The article is about the non-linear effects of urbanisation on carabids (ground-beetles), and contains data and effect sizes from urban-suburban, suburban-rural comparisons in species richness and abundance.

There are species richness and abundance, correlation and variance data in the tables. The table also contains the calculation of the intermediate effect sizes (Hedges' g) and the final effect sizes (Pearson's r) and their respective variance measures.

As meta-statistics are primarily linear models, we grasped the non-linear comparison by separating the urban-suburban and the suburban-rural comparisons. Furthermore, we considered climate and urban heat island (UHI) effect as moderating factors of these potential non-linear effects.

We found several non-linear patterns in the presence of climate and UHI as moderators, responding mostly to seasonality and environmental stability.

We acquired the climate variables from: 

Karger, D. N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R. W., Zimmermann, N. E., Linder, H. P., & Kessler, M. (2017). Climatologies at high resolution for the earth’s land surface areas. Scientific Data, 4, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122

We acquired the urban heat island data from: 

Center for International Earth Science Information Network - Columbia University. (2016). Global urban heat island (UHI) data set. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center. https://doi.org/10.7927/H4H70CRF

List of articles the data was collected from:

Abdel-Dayem, M. S., Sharaf, M. R., Majer, J. D., Al-Sadoon, M. K., Soliman, A. M., Aldawood, A. S., Aldhafer, H. M., & Orabi, G. M. (2023). Does a Rural-Urban Gradient Affect Beetle Assemblages in an Arid Ecosystem? Diversity, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/d15020303
Alaruikka, D., Kotze, D. J. J., Matveinen, K., Niemela, J., & Niemelä, J. (2002). Carabid beetle and spider assemblages along a forested urban-rural gradient in southern Finland. Journal of Insect Conservation, 6(4), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024432830064
Castro, A. V., Porrini, D. P., Lupo, S., & Cicchino, A. C. (2020). Minimal stories in Southeast Buenos Aires grasslands: Carabid beetle biodiversity throughout an urban-rural gradient. Urban Ecosystems, 23(2), 331–343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-019-00925-y
Croci, S., Butet, A., Georges, A., Aguejdad, R., & Clergeau, P. (2008). Small urban woodlands as biodiversity conservation hot-spot: A multi-taxon approach. Landscape Ecology, 23(10), 1171–1186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-008-9257-0
Czechowski, W. (1981). Carabids (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of Warsaw and Mazovia. Memorabilia Zoologica, 34, 119–144.
Elek, Z., & Lövei, G. (2005). Ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) assemblages along an urbanisation gradient near Soro, Zealand, Denmark. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 73(2), 115–121.
Fujita, A., Maeto, K., Kagawa, Y., & Ito, N. (2008). Effects of forest fragmentation on species richness and composition of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae and Brachinidae) in urban landscapes. Entomological Science, 11(1), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8298.2007.00243.x
Gagne, S. A., & Fahrig, L. (2010). The trade-off between housing density and sprawl area: Minimizing impacts to carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Ecology and Society, 15(4), 12. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-03635-150412
Gordienko, T. A., Sukhodolskaya, R. A., & Vavilov, D. N. (2018). Soil macrofauna variability along a gradient. Russian Journal of Applied Ecology, 1, 3–8.
Ishitani, M., Kotze, D. J., & Niemela, J. (2003). Changes in carabid beetle assemblages across an urban-rural gradient in Japan. Ecography, 26(4), 481–489. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0587.2003.03436.x
Kirichenko-Babko, M., Lagod, G., Majerek, D., Franus, M., Babko, R., Łagód, G., Majerek, D., Franus, M., & Babko, R. (2017). The Effect of Landscape on the Diversity in Urban Green Areas. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S, 24(4), 613–625. https://doi.org/10.1515/eces-2017-0040
Magura, T., Lövei, G. L., & Tóthmérész, B. (2008). Time-consistent rearrangement of carabid beetle assemblages by an urbanisation gradient in Hungary. Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology, 34(2), 233–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2008.05.010
Magura, T., Lövei, G. L., & Tóthmérész, B. (2010). Does urbanization decrease diversity in ground beetle (Carabidae) assemblages? Global Ecology and Biogeography, 19(1), 16–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00499.x
Niemelä, J., Kotze, D. . J., Venn, S., Penev, L., Stoyanov, I., Spence, J., Hartley, D., & Montes de Oca, E. (2002). Carabid beetle assemblages (Coleoptera, Carabidae) across urban-rural gradients: An international comparison. Landscape Ecology, 17(5), 387–401. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021270121630
Park, J.-W., & Lee, C. M. (2021). Response of ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) communities to effect of urbanization in southern osaka: An analytical approach using gis. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13, 7134. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137134
Perry, K. I., Hoekstra, N. C., de la Flor, Y. A. D., & Gardiner, M. M. (2020). Disentangling landscape and local drivers of ground-dwelling beetle community assembly in an urban ecosystem. Ecological Applications, 30(8), e02191. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2191
Piano, E., Souffreau, C., Merckx, T., Baardsen, L. F., Backeljau, T., Bonte, D., Brans I, K., Cours, M., Dahirel, M., Debortoli, N., Decaestecker, E., De Wolf, K., Engelen, J. M. T., Fontaneto, D., Gianuca, A. T., Govaert, L., Hanashiro, F. T. T., Higuti, J., Lens, L., … Hendrickx, F. (2020). Urbanization drives cross-taxon declines in abundance and diversity at multiple spatial scales. Global Change Biology, 26(3), 1196–1211. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14934
Sadler, J. P., Small, E. C., Fiszpan, H., Telfer, M. G., & Niemelä, J. (2006). Investigating environmental variation and landscape characteristics of an urban-rural gradient using woodland carabid assemblages. Journal of Biogeography, 33(6), 1126–1138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01476.x
Tóthmérész, B., Máthé, I., Balázs, E., & Magura, T. (2011). Responses of carabid beetles to urbanization in Transylvania (Romania). Landscape and Urban Planing, 101(4), 330–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.02.038
Varet, M., Burel, F., Pétillon, J., & Petillon, J. (2014). Can urban consolidation limit local biodiversity erosion? Responses from carabid beetle and spider assemblages in Western France. Urban Ecosystem, 17(1), 123–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-013-0307-2
Venn, S. J., Kotze, D. J., Lassila, T., & Niemelä, J. K. (2013). Urban dry meadows provide valuable habitat for granivorous and xerophylic carabid beetles. Journal of Insect Conservation, 17(4), 747–764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-013-9558-8
Venn, S. J., Kotze, D. J., & Niemelä, J. (2003). Urbanization effects on carabid diversity in boreal forests. European Journal of Entomology, 100(1), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2003.015
Zara, L., Tordoni, E., Castro-Delgado, S., Colla, A., Maccherini, S., Marignani, M., Panepinto, F., Trittoni, M., & Bacaro, G. (2021). Cross-taxon relationships in Mediterranean urban ecosystem: A case study from the city of Trieste. Ecological Indicators, 125, 107538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107538
Zelazna, E., & Błazejewicz-Zawadzińska, M. (2003). Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of the Bydgoszcz green belts and suburban wood complexes. Baltic Journal of Coleopterology, 3(2), 121–127.