Published August 30, 2025 | Version v1

Study of Foeto-Maternal Outcome in Pregnancies with First-Trimester Bleeding Pervagina

  • 1. Senior Resident, Department of Obstetrics &Gynaecology, COM & JNM Hospital, The West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kalyani, Nadia- 741235, West Bengal, India
  • 2. RMO cum CT, Department of Obstetrics &Gynaecology, COM & JNM Hospital, The West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kalyani, Nadia- 741235, West Bengal, India
  • 3. Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics &Gynaecology, COM & JNM Hospital, The West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kalyani , Nadia- 741235, West Bengal, India
  • 4. Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine and JNM Hospital, The West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kalyani, Nadia- 741235, West Bengal

Description

Abstract 
Introduction: First-trimester vaginal bleeding is a common obstetric complication occurring in approximately 
20-25% of pregnancies and is a significant cause of concern for patients and clinicians alike. The etiology of 
bleeding in early pregnancy varies widely, ranging from benign causes such as implantation bleeding to more 
serious conditions like threatened miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, and molar pregnancy. 
Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the foeto-maternal outcomes in pregnancies with first-trimester vaginal 
bleeding and to assess its association with adverse pregnancy, neonatal, and maternal complications. 
Materials and Methods: The present study was a Prospective study. This Study was conducted from 
December2020 to July2021 at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NilratanSircar Medical College and 
Hospital, Kolkata. Total 60 patients were included in this study. 
Result: In our study, 88.09% of cases with abnormal ultrasound and 100% with an open cervical os resulted in 
abortion, while mode of delivery showed no significant association with gestational age (p=0.918). Among 21 
live-born neonates, 28.57% had IUGR and 23.81% had respiratory distress, with 45% requiring NICU 
admission. Maternal complications included PIH in 30% and PPROM in 15% of cases. 
Conclusion: In our study, first-trimester bleeding was associated with a wide spectrum of maternal and neonatal 
outcomes. Vaginal delivery was the predominant mode of birth, and women without a prior history of abortion 
generally had more favorable pregnancy courses.  

Abstract (English)

Abstract 
Introduction: First-trimester vaginal bleeding is a common obstetric complication occurring in approximately 
20-25% of pregnancies and is a significant cause of concern for patients and clinicians alike. The etiology of 
bleeding in early pregnancy varies widely, ranging from benign causes such as implantation bleeding to more 
serious conditions like threatened miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, and molar pregnancy. 
Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the foeto-maternal outcomes in pregnancies with first-trimester vaginal 
bleeding and to assess its association with adverse pregnancy, neonatal, and maternal complications. 
Materials and Methods: The present study was a Prospective study. This Study was conducted from 
December2020 to July2021 at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NilratanSircar Medical College and 
Hospital, Kolkata. Total 60 patients were included in this study. 
Result: In our study, 88.09% of cases with abnormal ultrasound and 100% with an open cervical os resulted in 
abortion, while mode of delivery showed no significant association with gestational age (p=0.918). Among 21 
live-born neonates, 28.57% had IUGR and 23.81% had respiratory distress, with 45% requiring NICU 
admission. Maternal complications included PIH in 30% and PPROM in 15% of cases. 
Conclusion: In our study, first-trimester bleeding was associated with a wide spectrum of maternal and neonatal 
outcomes. Vaginal delivery was the predominant mode of birth, and women without a prior history of abortion 
generally had more favorable pregnancy courses.  

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Dates

Accepted
2025-08-26