The Study of Prevalence and Pattern of Thyroid Disorder in Pregnant Women: A Prospective Study

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Abstract (English)

Abstract 
Introduction: Thyroid disorders are among the most prevalent endocrine abnormalities encountered during 
pregnancy, posing significant risks to both maternal and fetal health. The physiological changes inherent to 
pregnancy, such as increased blood volume and altered renal clearance, can influence thyroid function tests, 
making the diagnosis and management of thyroid dysfunctions particularly challenging. 
Aims and Objectives: This prospective study aims to assess the prevalence and pattern of thyroid disorders 
among pregnant women, providing valuable insights that could inform screening strategies and management 
protocols in clinical practice. 
Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective observational study. This Study was conducted 
from March 2024 to February. Total 60 patients were included in this study. 
Result: The study of 60 pregnant women revealed that most participants were in the 26–30 years age group (n = 
25, 41.7%), with a slightly higher proportion being multigravida (n = 32, 53.3%). The majority of women were 
euthyroid (n = 40, 66.7%), while hypothyroidism (n = 15, 25%) was more common than hyperthyroidism (n = 5, 
8.3%). Subclinical forms of both hypothyroidism (n = 10, 66.7%) and hyperthyroidism (n = 3, 60%) 
predominated over overt forms. Thyroid dysfunction was more frequently observed in the later stages of 
pregnancy, whereas euthyroid status was more common in the first trimester, highlighting the importance of 
monitoring thyroid function throughout gestation. 
Conclusion: The study demonstrated that a majority of pregnant women maintained normal thyroid function, 
while a notable proportion exhibited thyroid dysfunction, with hypothyroidism being more common than 
hyperthyroidism.