Prevalence of Liver Function Test Abnormality and Associated Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors/Creators
- 1. Senior Resident, MBBS, MD (Biochemistry), Department of Biochemistry, Raiganj Government Medical College and Hospital, Raiganj, West Bengal 733134
- 2. Professor and Head of the Department, MBBS, MD (Medicine), Department of Medicine, In
- 3. Medical Officer In-Charge, MBBS, Jatradanga Primary Health Centre, Jatradanga, Old Malda,West Bengal 732141
Description
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a variety of hepatic abnormalities, ranging
from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to advanced fibrosis, often reflected by alterations in liver
function tests (LFTs). Early detection of such abnormalities is important for comprehensive management and
prevention of complications.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of liver function test abnormalities in patients with T2DM and to
identify associated clinical and biochemical factors, compared with non-diabetic controls.
Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one year at Raiganj
Government Medical College and Hospital. A total of 100 adult patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus
attending the outpatient department were enrolled. The study variables included demographic factors such as
age, sex distribution (male and female), duration of diabetes, and body mass index (BMI). Laboratory
parameters assessed, comprised glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and liver function tests including alanine
aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, and albumin
levels. Data were collected through patient interviews, clinical examinations, and biochemical investigations.
The aim was to compare liver function parameters and their association with glycemic control and diabetes
duration among type 2 diabetic patients.
Results: Liver function test abnormalities are common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with elevated
ALT and AST levels observed in 38% and 34% of patients, respectively. These abnormalities were significantly
associated with poor glycemic control and higher BMI. Patients with HbA1c ≥7% had significantly higher ALT
and AST levels and lower albumin compared to those with better glycemic control. Additionally, the prevalence
of elevated liver enzymes increased progressively with higher BMI categories. Multivariate analysis identified
male sex, longer diabetes duration (≥5 years), overweight/obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m²), and poor glycemic control
as independent risk factors for liver dysfunction, with poor glycemic control being the strongest predictor.
Conclusion: LFT abnormalities are common in patients with T2DM and are associated with obesity, longer
disease duration, poor glycemic control, and dyslipidemia. Routine monitoring of liver enzymes in T2DM
patients may help in early identification and management of underlying hepatic disorders.
Abstract (English)
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a variety of hepatic abnormalities, ranging
from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to advanced fibrosis, often reflected by alterations in liver
function tests (LFTs). Early detection of such abnormalities is important for comprehensive management and
prevention of complications.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of liver function test abnormalities in patients with T2DM and to
identify associated clinical and biochemical factors, compared with non-diabetic controls.
Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one year at Raiganj
Government Medical College and Hospital. A total of 100 adult patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus
attending the outpatient department were enrolled. The study variables included demographic factors such as
age, sex distribution (male and female), duration of diabetes, and body mass index (BMI). Laboratory
parameters assessed, comprised glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and liver function tests including alanine
aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, and albumin
levels. Data were collected through patient interviews, clinical examinations, and biochemical investigations.
The aim was to compare liver function parameters and their association with glycemic control and diabetes
duration among type 2 diabetic patients.
Results: Liver function test abnormalities are common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with elevated
ALT and AST levels observed in 38% and 34% of patients, respectively. These abnormalities were significantly
associated with poor glycemic control and higher BMI. Patients with HbA1c ≥7% had significantly higher ALT
and AST levels and lower albumin compared to those with better glycemic control. Additionally, the prevalence
of elevated liver enzymes increased progressively with higher BMI categories. Multivariate analysis identified
male sex, longer diabetes duration (≥5 years), overweight/obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m²), and poor glycemic control
as independent risk factors for liver dysfunction, with poor glycemic control being the strongest predictor.
Conclusion: LFT abnormalities are common in patients with T2DM and are associated with obesity, longer
disease duration, poor glycemic control, and dyslipidemia. Routine monitoring of liver enzymes in T2DM
patients may help in early identification and management of underlying hepatic disorders.
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IJCPR,Vol17,Issue8,Article180.pdf
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Additional details
Dates
- Accepted
-
2025-08-14