Continuous Universe: Matter–Antimatter Symmetry and Alignment of Effective Dimension in Space-Time

The ΛCDM model predicts a continuous expansion of 3D space, provided that dark energy (DE) remains cosmologically dominant. With constant density and equation-of-state parameter w ≈ −1 (well below the threshold w = −1/3), DE drives this expansion. In this scenario, the negative gravitational potential energy (Epg) asymptotically approaches zero. With Planck-scale, |∂Epg / ∂t| can be interrupted by linearizing the effective space. This study explores a linear space that modifies the Universe’s degrees of freedom. The key mechanism associated with this transition is the symmetrical annihilation of matter and antimatter. Assuming spatial flatness as in ΛCDM, and the absence of classical boundaries, this work aims to present a mathematical structure that characterizes and relates the extreme states of expansion and contraction through the conversion between energy and mass. Thus, the cause for an expansive beginning is defined. In this context, natural effective dimensional boundaries become possible without invoking classical spatial edges. The result is an evolução that connects the current Universe to a broader cosmological scenario.