Mustard Productivity Depends on Varietal Characteristics and Elements of Cultivation Technology

An important reserve for increasing the productivity of crops, in particular mustard, is the widespread introduction of new varieties for various uses, as well as the potential for grain yield and quality. Therefore, the study aimed to identify the patterns of formation of yield and quality of mustard seeds depending on varietal characteristics and elements of technology. The research results showed that the yield of mustard seeds depended on the varietal characteristics and the timing of their harvesting. The use of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and one-time foliar fertilization on the seedlings and twice on the seedlings and in the rosette-stem phase provided a significant increase in the yield of mustard seeds at all harvesting dates compared to the control. The increase in seed yield was statistically significant and depended on the timing of harvesting. The highest yields were recorded when harvesting 40 days after flowering, both in the control group and when applying the main fertilizer and foliar fertilization against the background of the main fertilizer. In addition to seed harvesting timing and the impact of mineral fertilizers, varietal characteristics played a significant role in determining seed yield. Higher seed yields were observed for white mustard varieties Pidpecheretska and Oslava at all harvesting dates, providing 1.25 t/ha and 2.03 t/ha, respectively, regardless of fertilizer use or in the control group without fertilizers. At the same time, the weight of 1000 seeds naturally and significantly increased depending on the timing of seed harvesting, both in the control and in the case of mineral fertilizers.