Published October 7, 2025 | Version v1

Shift in parasite load in native and non-native Eupercarian fish species living in sympatry

  • 1. Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
  • 2. Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic|Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
  • 3. Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic|National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odesa, Ukraine

Description

Non-native species have the potential to alter host community structure, which, in turn, may affect parasite transmission, diversity and distribution, particularly when the introduced host is ecologically or phylogenetically related to its native host(s). In this study, we examine whether the introduction of a competent non-native fish host shifts parasite load and community composition in native fish species. Specifically, we focus on two Eupercarian species: the native Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) and the non-native pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus), which was introduced into Europe from North America. Our results show that the parasite community of native perch co-occurring with non-native pumpkinseed (sympatric populations) differ significantly from those of perch inhabiting sites unaffected by pumpkinseed introduction (allopatric populations). Moreover, sympatric perch populations exhibit significantly higher parasite abundance, infracommunity richness and dominance, along with lower equitability, compared to allopatric populations. These findings suggest that the introduction of pumpkinseed may have contributed to shifts in both parasite abundance and diversity in native fish hosts. Additionally, our study indicates a potential parasite spillback of the trematode Bucephalus polymorphus and spill-over of the Asian invasive parasitic copepod Neoergasilus japonicus, both associated with pumpkinseed establishment in the study area. The successful inclusion of non-native fish species into the life cycles of several independently introduced and unrelated invasive parasites underscores the importance of introduced hosts in driving changes within local parasite communities.

Files

NB_article_148301.pdf

Files (3.2 MB)

Name Size Download all
md5:d697d1621ae54ff7267cf36341f07b41
3.2 MB Preview Download

System files (245.0 kB)

Name Size Download all
md5:edf127f921c1dfb217ac502a43c2cbf3
245.0 kB Download

Linked records

Additional details

References

  • Anderson MJ (2001) A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecology 26(1): 32–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2001.01070.pp.x
  • Bartošová Š, Jurajda P, Ondračková M, Reichard M (2001) Importance of lentic waterbodies as fish nurseries in the flood plain of the Dyje River, Czech Republic. Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology 1: 347–353. [Corpus ID: 82095456]
  • Baruš V, Oliva O (1995) Fauna of the Czech and the Slovak Republics, Lampreys (Petromyzontes) and fishes (Osteichthyes) 2. Academia, Praha, 1–698.
  • Bates D, Mächler M, Bolker B, Walker S (2015) Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software 67(1): 1–48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01
  • Bauer ON (1987) Key to the freshwater fish parasites of the USSR. Nauka, Leningrad, 1–583. [in Russian]
  • Beran L (2008) Expansion of Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834) (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in the Czech Republic. Aquatic Invasions 3(1): 91–94. https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2008.3.1.15
  • Betancur-R R, Wiley EO, Arratia G, Acero A, Bailly N, Miya M, Lecointre G, Ortí G (2017) Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 17(1): 162. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3
  • Beverley-Burton M (1984) Monogenea and Turbellaria. In: Margolis L, Kabata Z (Eds) Guide to the parasites of fishes of Canada, Part I. Fisheries and Oceans, Scientific Information and Publication Branch, Ottawa, 5–209.
  • Bielat I, Legierko M, Sobecka E (2015) Species richness and diversity of the parasites of two predatory fish species – perch (Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758) and zander (Sander lucioperca Linnaeus, 1758) from the Pomeranian Bay. Annals of Parasitology 61: 85–92. [Corpus ID: 35581970]
  • Bódis E, Borza P, Potyó I, Puky M, Weiperth A, Guti G (2012) Invasive mollusk, crustacean, fish and reptile species along the Hungarian stretch of the river Danube and some connected waters. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 58(Suppl): 29–45. [Corpus ID: 85633517]
  • Bowles J, Hope M, Tiu WU, Liu XS, McManus DP (1993) Nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers highly conserved between Chinese and Philippine Schistosoma japonicum. Acta Tropica 55(4): 217–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-706X(93)90079-Q
  • Bush AO, Lafferty KD, Lotz JM, Shostak AW (1997) Parasitology Meets Ecology on Its Own Terms: Margolis et al. Revisited. The Journal of Parasitology 83(4): 575–583. https://doi.org/10.2307/3284227
  • Carney JP, Dick TA (1999) Enteric helminths of perch (Perca fluviatilis L. ) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens Mitchill): Stochastic or predictable assemblages? The Journal of Parasitology 85(5): 785–795. https://doi.org/10.2307/3285812
  • Cleaveland S, Hess GR, Dobson AP, Lauenroth MK, McCallum HI, Roberts MG, Woodroffe R (2002) The role of pathogens in biological conservation. In: Hudson PJ, Rizzoli A, Grenfell BT, Heesterbeek H, Dobson AP (Eds) The ecology of wildlife diseases. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 139–150. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198506201.003.0008
  • Collette BB, Banarescu P (1977) Systematics and zoogeography of the fishes of the family Percidae. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34(10): 1450–1463. https://doi.org/10.1139/f77-209
  • Cribb TH, Bray RA (2010) Gut wash, body soak, blender and heat-fixation: Approaches to the effective collection, fixation and preservation of trematodes of fishes. Systematic Parasitology 76(1): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-010-9229-z
  • Cucherousset J, Olden JD (2011) Ecological impacts of non-native freshwater fishes. Fisheries (Bethesda, Md. ) 36(5): 215–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2011.574578
  • Douda K, Vrtílek M, Slavík O, Reichard M (2012) The role of host specificity in explaining the invasion success of the freshwater mussel Anodonta woodiana in Europe. Biological Invasions 14(1): 127–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-9989-7
  • Dudliv I, Kvach Y, Tkachenko MY, Nazaruk K, Ondračková M (2024) Comparative analysis of parasite load on recently established invasive pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus (Actinopterygii: Centrarchidae) in Europe. Acta Parasitologica 69(1): 819–830. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-024-00794-2
  • Dunn AM (2009) Parasites and biological invasions. Advances in Parasitology 68: 161–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-308X(08)00607-6
  • Emde S, Kochmann J, Kuhn T, Plath M, Klimpel S (2014) Getting what is served? Feeding ecology influencing parasite-host interactions in invasive round goby Neogobius melanostomus. PLoS ONE 9(10): e109971. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109971
  • Esposito A, Foata J, Quilichini Y (2023) Parasitic Helminths and Freshwater Fish Introduction in Europe: A Systematic Review of Dynamic Interactions. Fishes 8(9): 450. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8090450
  • European Commission (2019) Commission implementing regulation (EU) 2019/1262 of 25 July 2019 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1141 to update the list of invasive alien species of Union concern. Official Journal of the European Union L 199: 1–4. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2019/1262/oj/eng
  • Faltýnková A, Kudlai O, Pantoja C, Yakovleva G, Lebedeva D (2022) Another plea for 'best practice' in molecular approaches to trematode systematics: Diplostomum sp. clade Q identified as Diplostomum baeri Dubois, 1937 in Europe. Parasitology 149: 503–518. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182021002092
  • Fobert E, Fox MG, Ridgway M, Copp GH (2011) Heated competition: How climate change will affect non-native pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus and native perch Perca fluviatilis interactions in the UK. Journal of Fish Biology 79(6): 1592–1607. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03083.x
  • Francová K, Ondračková M, Polačik M, Jurajda P (2011) Parasite fauna of native and non-native populations of Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) (Gobiidae) in the longitudinal profile of the Danube River. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 27(3): 879–886. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01582.x
  • Galli P, Stefani F, Benzoni F, Zullini A (2005) Introduction of alien host–parasite complexes in a natural environment and the symbiota concept. Hydrobiologia 548(1): 293–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-3645-0
  • Gendron AD, Marcogliese DJ (2017) Enigmatic decline of a common fish parasite (Diplostomum spp.) in the St. Lawrence River: Evidence for a dilution effect induced by the invasive round goby. International Journal for Parasitology. Parasites and Wildlife 6(3): 402–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2017.04.002
  • Gendron AD, Marcogliese DJ, Thomas M (2012) Invasive species are less parasitized than native competitors, but for how long? The case of the round goby in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Basin. Biological Invasions 14(2): 367–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-0083-y
  • Georgiev B, Biserkov V, Genov T (1986) In toto staining method for cestodes with iron acetocarmine. Helminthologia 23: 279–281. [Corpus ID: 90795915]
  • Gozlan RE, Britton JR, Cowx I, Copp GH (2010) Current knowledge on non-native freshwater fish introductions. Journal of Fish Biology 76(4): 751–786. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02566.x
  • Halmetoja A, Valtonen ET, Koskenniemi E (2000) Perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) parasites reflect ecosystem conditions: A comparison of a natural lake and two acidic reservoirs in Finland. International Journal for Parasitology 30(14): 1437–1444. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(00)00115-6
  • Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD (2001) PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica 4(1): 1–9. http://palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm
  • Havel JE, Kovalenko KE, Thomaz SM, Amalfitano S, Kats LB (2015) Aquatic invasive species: Challenges for the future. Hydrobiologia 750(1): 147–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-2166-0
  • Hnilička M, Janáč M, Palupová E, Tkachenko M, Horká P, Jandová K, Holubová K, Jurajda P, Ondračková M (2024) Stable isotope analysis reveals fish juveniles as a temporal main resource consumed by invasive pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus). Hydrobiologia 852: 2409–2426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-024-05658-4
  • Hoffman GL (1999) Parasites of North American freshwater fishes. Cornell University Press, Ithaca. https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501735059
  • Hohenadler MAA, Honka KI, Emde S, Klimpel S, Sures B (2018) First evidence for a possible invasional meltdown among invasive fish parasites. Scientific Reports 8(1): 15085. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33445-4
  • Hohenadler MAA, Nachev M, Freese M, Pohlmann JD, Hanel R, Sures B (2019) How Ponto-Caspian invaders affect local parasite communities of native fish. Parasitology Research 118(9): 2543–2555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-019-06399-3
  • Huber V, Geist J (2019) Reproduction success of the invasive Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea 1834) in relation to native mussel species. Biological Invasions 21(11): 3451–3465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-019-02060-3
  • Hulme PE (2009) Trade, transport and trouble: Managing invasive species pathways in an era of globalization. Journal of Applied Ecology 46(1): 10–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01600.x
  • Innal D, Stavrescu-Bedivan MM (2022) A review of current knowledge on parasites of nonindigenous fish species in the inland waters of Türkiye. Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 24(1): 55–74. https://doi.org/10.2478/trser-2022-0004
  • Keane RM, Crawley MJ (2002) Exotic plant invasions and the enemy release hypothesis. Trends Ecology and Evolution 17(4): 164–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02499-0
  • Keesing F, Holt RD, Ostfeld RS (2006) Effects of species diversity on disease risk. Ecology Letters 9(4): 485–498. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00885.x
  • Kelly DW, Paterson RA, Townsend CR, Poulin R, Tompkins DM (2009) Parasite spillback: A neglected concept in invasion ecology? Ecology 90(8): 2047–2056. https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1085.1
  • Kennedy CR (2001) Interspecific interactions between larval digeneans in the eyes of perch, Perca fluviatilis. Parasitology 122(S1): S13–S22. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000016851
  • Kołodziej-Sobocińska M, Brzeziński M, Niemczynowicz A, Zalewski A (2018) High parasite infection level in non-native invasive species: It is just a matter of time. Ecography 41(8): 1283–1294. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.03362
  • Konečný A, Popa OP, Bartáková V, Douda K, Bryja J, Smith C, Popa LO, Reichard M (2018) Modelling the invasion history of Sinanodonta woodiana in Europe: Tracking the routes of a sedentary aquatic invader with mobile parasitic larvae. Evolutionary Applications 11(10): 1975–1989. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12700
  • Kuzmanova D, Chunchukova M, Kirin M (2019) Helminths and helminth communities of perch (Perca fluviatilis, Linnaeus, 1758) as bioindicators for ecosystem condition of the Maritsa River. Scientific Papers-Series D-Animal Science 62(1): 463–468. https://research.ebsco.com/c/r27ojl/viewer/pdf/tfngtdm7qr?route=details
  • Kvach Y, Mierzejewska K (2011) Non-indigenous benthic fishes as new hosts for Bucephalus polymorphus Baer, 1827 (Digenea: Bucephalidae) in the Vistula River basin, Poland. Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems 400(400): 2. https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2010034
  • Kvach Y, Ondračková M, Janáč M, Jurajda P (2016) Methodological issues affecting the study of fish parasites. I. Duration of live fish storage prior to dissection. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 119(2): 107–115. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02990
  • Kvach Y, Jurajda P, Bryjová A, Trichkova T, Ribeiro F, Přikrylová I, Ondračková M (2017) European distribution for metacercariae of the North American digenean Posthodiplostomum cf. minimum centrarchi (Strigeiformes: Diplostomidae). Parasitology International 66: 635–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2017.06.003
  • Kvach Y, Tkachenko M, Bartáková V, Zięba G, Ondračková M (2021a) The role of the non-indigenous pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus (Actinopterygii: Centrarchidae) in the life cycle of Bothriocephalus claviceps (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidae) in Europe. Parasitology Research 120(9): 3163–3171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07268-8
  • Kvach Y, Tkachenko M, Seifertová M, Ondračková M (2021b) Insights into the diversity, distribution and phylogeny of three ergasilid copepods (Hexanauplia: Ergasilidae) in lentic water bodies of the Morava river basin, Czech Republic. Limnologica 91: 125922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2021.125922
  • Kvach Y, Tkachenko M, Bartáková V, Kutsokon Y, Janáč M, Demchenko V, Ondračková M (2023) Parasite communities and genetic structure of non-native pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus, in different Black Sea drainages of Ukraine. Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems 424(424): 1. https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2022023
  • Kvach Y, Tkachenko M, Giannetto D, Míč R, Bartáková V, Ağdamar S, Saç G, Özuluğ M, Tarkan AS, Ondračková M (2024) Low genetic and parasite diversity of invasive pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus (Centrarchidae) expanding in Türkiye. Diversity 16(5): 272. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16050272
  • Leunda PM (2010) Impacts of non-native fishes on Iberian freshwater ichthyofauna: Current knowledge and gaps. Aquatic Invasions 5(3): 239–262. https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2010.5.3.03
  • Loker ES, Hofkin BV (2015) Parasitology: A conceptual approach. CRC Press, 1–550. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429258695
  • Lucký Z, Navrátil S (1984) Parasitic diseases of the perch (Perca fluviatilis) in detention reservoirs of the Morava river basin. Acta Veterinaria Brno 53(1–2): 81–90. https://doi.org/10.2754/avb198453010081
  • Lymbery AJ, Morine M, Kanani HG, Beatty SJ, Morgan DL (2014) Co-invaders: The effects of alien parasites on native hosts. International Journal for Parasitology. Parasites and Wildlife 3(2): 171–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.04.002
  • Mack RN, Simberloff D, Lonsdale WM, Evans H, Clout M, Bazzaz FA (2000) Biotic invasions: Causes, epidemiology, global consequences, and control. Ecological Applications 10(3): 689–710. https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0689:BICEGC]2.0.CO;2
  • Magurran AE (2004) Measuring Biological Diversity. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 1–256.
  • Malmberg G (1970) The excretory systems and the marginal hooks as a basis for systematics of Gyrodactylus (Trematoda, Monogenea). Arkiv für Zoologie 23: 1–235. [Corpus ID: 53523534]
  • Masson G, Vanacker M, Fox MG, Beisel J-N (2015) Impact of the cestode Triaenophorus nodulosus on the exotic Lepomis gibbosus and the autochthonous Perca fluviatilis. Parasitology 142(6): 745–755. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182014001826
  • Moravec F (2001) Checklist of the metazoan parasites of fishes of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. Prague. Academia (Caracas): 1–169.
  • Moravec F (2013) Parasitic nematodes of freshwater fishes of Europe, Revised 2nd edn. Academia, Prague, 1–601.
  • Morozińska-Gogol J (2013) Parasite communities of European perch, Perca fluviatilis L. (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Percidae) from lake Łebsko (Central Coast, Poland). Annals of Parasitology 59(2): 89–98.
  • Moszczynska A, Locke S, McLaughlin JD, Marcogliese D, Crease T (2009) Development of primers for the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene in digenetic trematodes (Platyhelminthes) illustrates the challenge of barcoding parasitic helminths. Molecular Ecology Resources 9(s1): 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02634.x
  • Mühlegger JM, Jirsa F, Konecny R, Sattmann H, Frank C (2012) Bucephalus polymorphus Baer, 1827-a new fish parasite in Austria? Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 121(S3): 50–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-009-1236-1
  • Oksanen J, Simpson G, Blanchet F, Kindt R, Legendre P, Minchin P, O'Hara R, Solymos P, Stevens M, Szoecs E, Wagner H, Barbour M, Bedward M, Bolker B, Borcard D, Carvalho G, Chirico M, De Caceres M, Durand S, Evangelista H, FitzJohn R, Friendly M, Furneaux B, Hannigan G, Hill M, Lahti L, McGlinn D, Ouellette M, Ribeiro Cunha E, Smith T, Stier A, Ter Braak C, Weedon J (2022) vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.6-4. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan
  • Ondračková M, Hudcová I, Dávidová M, Adámek Z, Kašný M, Jurajda P (2015a) Non-native gobies facilitate the transmission of Bucephalus polymorphus (Trematoda). Parasites & Vectors 8(1): 382. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-0999-7
  • Ondračková M, Valová Z, Hudcová I, Michálková V, Šimková A, Borcherding J, Jurajda P (2015b) Temporal effects on host-parasite associations in four naturalized goby species living in sympatry. Hydrobiologia 746(1): 233–243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-1967-5
  • Ondračková M, Kvach Y, Martens A, Jurajda P (2019a) Limited parasite acquisition by non-native Lepomis gibbosus (Actinopterygii: Centrarchidae) at two ponds in the Upper Rhine basin, Germany. Journal of Helminthology 93(4): 453–460. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X18000469
  • Ondračková M, Všetičková L, Adámek Z, Kopeček L, Jurajda P (2019b) Ecological plasticity of tubenose goby, a small invader in South Moravian waters. Hydrobiologia 829(1): 217–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3833-3
  • Ondračková M, Bartáková V, Kvach Y, Bryjová A, Trichkova T, Ribeiro F, Carassou L, Martens A, Masson G, Zechmeister T, Jurajda P (2021a) Parasite infection reflects host genetic diversity among non-native populations of pumpkinseed sunfish in Europe. Hydrobiologia 848(9): 2169–2187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04410-y
  • Ondračková M, Janáč M, Borcherding J, Grabowska J, Bartáková V, Jurajda P (2021b) Non-native gobies share predominantly immature parasites with local fish hosts. Journal of Vertebrate Biology 70(4): 21050. https://doi.org/10.25225/jvb.21050
  • Ondračková M, Tkachenko M, Bartáková V, Bryjová A, Janáč M, Zięba G, Pyrzanowski K, Kvach Y (2023) Population genetic structure, parasite infection and somatic condition of pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus (Actinopterygii: Centrarchidae) in the Oder river basin. Journal of Fish Biology 102(2): 426–442. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15273
  • Ondračková M, Tkachenko MY, Vetešník L, Hronek J, Janáč M (2025) Distribution and host range of a highly invasive parasitic copepod Neoergasilus japonicus (Harada, 1930). Hydrobiologia 852: 2221–2239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-024-05577-4
  • Piasecki W, Falandysz M (1994) Preliminary survey on parasite fauna of pumpkinseed sunfish. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 24(1): 87–100. https://doi.org/10.3750/AIP1994.24.1.07
  • Poulin R (2008) Evolutionary Ecology of Parasites. Princeton University Press, New York, 1–360. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400840809
  • Poulin R, Mouillot D (2003) Parasite specialization from a phylogenetic perspective: A new index of host specificity. Parasitology 126(5): 473–480. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182003002993
  • Prenter J, MacNeil C, Dick JTA, Dunn AM (2004) Roles of parasites in animal invasions. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 19(7): 385–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2004.05.002
  • R Core Team (2023) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/
  • Runciman JB, Leaf BR (2009) A review of yellow perch (Perca flavescens), mallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus), walleye (Sander vitreus) and northern pike (Esox lucius) distributions in British Columbia. Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 2882. Fisheries and Oceans Canada Science Branch, Pacific Region Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, 1–141. https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2010/mpo-dfo/Fs97-4-2882-eng.pdf
  • Sasal P, Morand S, Guégan JF (1997) Determinants of parasite species richness in Mediterranean marine fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 149: 61–71. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps149061
  • Scott WB, Crossman EJ (1973) Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bulletin - Fisheries Research Board of Canada 184: 1–966. https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.870340/publication.html
  • Shcherbukha AY (1993) On the relationships between fossil and recent taxa of the genus Perca (Osteichthyes, Percidae). Vestnik Zoologii 4: 39–40. [In Russian]
  • Shukerova S, Kirin D, Hanzelová V (2010) Endohelminth communities of the perch, Perca fluviatilis (Perciformes, Percidae) from Srebarna Biosphere Reserve, Bulgaria. Helminthologia 47(2): 99–104. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11687-010-0016-9
  • Simberloff D, von Holle B (1999) Positive interactions of nonindigenous species: Invasional meltdown? Biological Invasions 1(1): 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010086329619
  • Šimková A, Navrátilová P, Dávidová M, Ondračková M, Sinama M, Chappaz R, Gilles A, Costedoat C (2012) Does invasive Chondrostoma nasus shift the parasite community structure of endemic Parachondrostoma toxostoma in sympatric zones? Parasites & Vectors 5(1): 200. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-5-200
  • Šlapanský L, Jurajda P, Janáč M (2016) Early life stages of exotic gobiids as new hosts for unionid glochidia. Freshwater Biology 61(6): 979–990. https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12761
  • Sobecka E, Słomińska M (2007) Species richness, diversity and specificity of the parasites of bream Abramis brama (L.) and perch Perca fluviatilis L. in the estuary of the Odra River, Poland. Helminthologia 44(4): 188–192. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11687-007-0030-8
  • Soes DM, Cooke SJ, van Kleef HH, Broeckx PB, Veenvliet P (2011) A risk analysis of sunfishes (Centrarchidae) and pygmy sunfishes (Elassomatidae) in the Netherlands. Final report. Bureau Waardenburg Bv, Culemborg, 1–110.
  • Stepien CA, Haponski AE (2015) Taxonomy, distribution, and evolution of the Percidae. In: Biology and culture of Percid fishes. Springer, Netherlands, 3–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7227-3_1
  • Stoyanov B, Mutafchiev Y, Pankov P, Georgiev BB (2017a) Helminth parasites in the alien Lepomis gibbosus (L.) (Centrarchidae) from the Lake Atanasovsko wetlands, Bulgaria: Survey of species and structure of helminth communities. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 69(4): 555–574.
  • Stoyanov B, Georgieva S, Pankov P, Kudlai O, Kostadinova A, Georgiev BB (2017b) Morphology and molecules reveal the alien Posthodiplostomum centrarchi Hoffman, 1958 as the third species of Posthodiplostomum Dubois, 1936 (Digenea: Diplostomidae) in Europe. Systematic Parasitology 94(1): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-016-9680-6
  • Sudarikov VE, Shigin AA, Kurochkin YuV, Lomakin VV, Stenko RP, Yurlova NI (2002) Metacercariae of trematodes parasites of freshwater hydrobionts in Central Russia. Nauka, Moscow, 1–298. [In Russian]
  • Sun J, Harvey HH (1986) Population dynamics of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) in two acid-stressed lakes. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 30(3–4): 611–617. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00303324
  • Suthar J, Unger P, Palm HW (2022) Fish parasite community of three lakes with different trophic status in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. Acta Parasitologica 67(1): 340–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-021-00465-6
  • Székely C (1994) Paratenic hosts for the parasitic nematode Anguillicola crassus in Lake Balaton, Hungary. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 18: 11–20. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao018011
  • Taraschewski H (2006) Hosts and parasites as aliens. Journal of Helminthology 80(2): 99–128. https://doi.org/10.1079/JOH2006364
  • Thomas K, Ollevier F (1992) Paratenic hosts of the swimbladder nematode Anguillicola crassus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 13: 165–174. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao013165
  • Tompkins DM, White AR, Boots M (2003) Ecological replacement of native red squirrels by invasive greys driven by disease. Ecology Letters 6(3): 189–196. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00417.x
  • Torchin ME, Lafferty KD, Dobson AP, McKenzie VJ, Kuris AM (2003) Introduced species and their missing parasites. Nature 421(6923): 628–629. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01346
  • Valtonen ET, Holmes JC, Aronen J, Rautalahti I (2003) Parasite communities as indicators of recovery from pollution: Parasites of roach (Rutilus rutilus) and perch (Perca fluviatilis) in Central Finland. Parasitology 126(7): S43–S52. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182003003494
  • Venables WN, Ripley BD (2002) Modern Applied Statistics with S. Fourth Edition. Springer, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21706-2
  • Vitule JRS, Freire CA, Simberloff D (2009) Introduction of nonnative freshwater fish can certainly be bad. Fish and Fisheries 10(1): 98–108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00312.x
  • Vivas Muñoz JC, Staaks G, Knopf K (2017) The eye fluke Tylodelphys clavata affects prey detection and intraspecific competition of European perch (Perca fluviatilis). Parasitology Research 116(9): 2561–2567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-017-5564-1
  • Wielgoss S, Taraschewski H, Meyer A, Wirth T (2008) Population structure of the parasitic nematode Anguillicola crassus, an invader of declining North Atlantic eel stocks. Molecular Ecology 17(15): 3478–3495. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03855.x
  • Wierzbicka J, Wierzbicki K, Piasecki W, Smietana P (2005) A comparative study on the parasite fauna of perch, Perca fluviatilis L., collected from a freshwater coastal lake brackish-water Baltic Sea and the interconnecting canal. Wiadomosci Parazytologiczne 51(4): 295–302.
  • WoRMS (2025) World Register of Marine Species. https://www.marinespecies.org at VLIZ. https://doi.org/10.14284/170 [Accessed 2025-01-21]
  • Zeileis A, Hothorn T (2002) Diagnostic Checking in Regression Relationships. R News 2(3): 7–10. https://CRAN.R-project.org/doc/Rnews/