Pulmonary Lymphomatous Granulomatosis: Case report of an uncommon tumor and a brief review of the literature

Pulmonary Lymphomatous Granulomatosis (PLYG) is a very rare condition induced by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that can present with nonspecific symptoms, leading to diagnostic delays. It has a low frequency and is heterogeneous with respect to clinical, radiological, and pathological features, which makes it a challenging diagnosis and often leads to misdiagnosis with more frequent inflammatory or neoplastic diseases. The case report illustrates the complexity of the path of a patient with high-grade PLYG and the importance of including it in the differential diagnosis of lung masses. Proper diagnosis requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining clinical presentation, high-quality imaging, careful histopathological analysis, and EBV in situ hybridization. The recognition of the various forms of PLYG and its changing grade-related treatment paradigms is the key to prompt intervention and better patient outcomes. As highlighted in this report, collaborative expertise in handling these rare entities is paramount and ultimately leads to increased awareness and improved patient care.