Emerging Trends of Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A: A Three-Year Surveillance Report from Khyber Pakhtonkhwa, Pakistan
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Description
Objective: To analyze drug resistance patterns in Salmonella isolates from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) based on three-year surveillance data from Tehsil Head Quarter (THQ) Hospital Dogar Central Kurram Pakistan.
Study design: It is a retrospective and descriptive study based on laboratory surveillance data.
Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at THQ Hospital Laboratory. Data was extracted from laboratory sites located in KPK province from January 2019 to December 2022.
Methodology: Blood culture and sensitivity data (2019-2024) were reviewed for resistance trends in S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A.
Result: A total of 621 isolations were reported including 562 S. Typhi and 59 S. Paratyphi A. Ciprofloxacin (100%), ceftriaxone (92%), cefixime (92%), ampicillin (95%), chloramphenicol (90%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (81%) were the antibiotics against which S. Typhi showed the high resistance. S. Typhi showed minimal resistance to azithromycin (0.2%) and continued to be susceptible to meropenem (0% resistance). Conversely, S. Paratyphi A isolates showed 100% fluoroquinolone resistance but no resistance to first-line medications.
Conclusion: In Pakistan, the emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) S. Typhi is a serious treatment challenge. Urgent needs include increasing immunization coverage, regulating sensible antibiotic usage, and strengthening surveillance.
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- Journal: 3066-3202 (ISSN)
Dates
- Accepted
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2025-10-03
References
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