Published September 19, 2025 | Version v1
Journal article Open

MICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF DRINKING WATER

Authors/Creators

  • 1. Department of Chemistry, S.S.E.S.A's Science College, Congress Nagar, Nagpur.
  • 2. Department of Microbiology, S.S. E.S.A's Science College, Congress Nagar, Nagpur.

Description

Storage container plays a major role that affects the microbial quality of drinking water as mentioned in ayurveda. Objectives: The present research has highlighted the effect of various storage vessels on the microbial quality of drinking water. Methods: Drinking water samples were collected under sterile conditions in a pre-sterilized conical flask and brought to the laboratory immediately for testing. Different vessels, including mud pot, steel container, plastic container, glass container, aluminium container, brass container, copper container and silver container, were taken and rinsed with sterile water. Most Probable Number (MPN) technique was used for analysis of total coliform and fecal coliorm bacteria in the collected water sample. Results: The results of microbial analysis of water stored in eight different containers, showed very clearly the decrease in coliform bacterial population by 12 hrs of storage itself and complete removal of coliform bacteria leading to microbial free safe water within 24 hrs, in water stored in mud pots, brass, copper and silver containers. However, the water stored in other remaining containers viz., steel container, plastic container, glass container and aluminium containers, show the presence of coliform bacteria even in the water stored for 24 hrs. Conclusion: It is concluded that household water storage containers were capable of improving quality of the microbial contaminated water.

Files

20 WJAPS 223.pdf

Files (373.6 kB)

Name Size Download all
md5:0f4fc9177f56f349aa0b62cf94184673
373.6 kB Preview Download

Additional details

Identifiers

ISSN
3049-3013

Related works

Is referenced by
Journal article: 3049-3013 (ISSN)

References

  • Aneja, K. R., (2003). Experiments in microbiology, plant pathology and Biotechnology, 4th edition, New Sage International (P) Ltd Publishers, New Delhi, 363-365.
  • Ben-Knaz Wakshlak, R., Pedahzur, R. & Avnir D., (2015). Antibacterial activity of silver killed bacteria: the "zombies" effect. Scientific Reports: Nature Publishing Group, 5: 1-9.
  • Brick, T., Primrose, B., Chandrasekhar, R., Roy, S., Muliyil, J. & Kang G., (2004). Water contamination in urban south India: household storage practices and their implications for water safety and enteric infections. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 207: 473 480.
  • Cabral J., (2010). Water Microbiology: Bacterial Pathogens and Water, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 7: 3657-3703.
  • Clasen, T., Wolf-Peter Schmidt, Tamer Rabie, T., Ian Roberts I., & Cairncross, S., (2007). Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Research, 1-10.
  • Delgado. K., Quijada, R., Palma R., & Palza, H., (2011). Polypropylene with embedded copper metal or copper oxide nanoparticles as a novel plastic antimicrobial agent. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 53: 50-54.
  • Dugal, S. & Mascarenhas, S., (2015). Chemical synthesis of copper nanoparticles and its antibacterial effect against gram negative pathogens. Journal of Advanced Scientific Research, 6(3): 1-4.
  • Eniola, K. I. T., Obafemi, D. Y., Awe, S. F., Yusuf I. I., Falaiye, O. A. & Olowe, A.O., (2007). Effects of Containers and Storage Conditions on Bacteriological Quality of Borehole Water. Nature and Science, 5(4): 1-6.
  • Ezeugwunne, I.P., Agbakoba, N.R., Nnamah, N.K. & Anahalu I.C., (2009). The Prevalence of Bacteria in Packaged Sachets Water Sold in Nnewi, South East, Nigeria. World Journal of Dairy & Food Sciences, 4(1): 19-21.
  • Faúndez, G., Troncoso, M., Navarrete, P. & Figueroa, G., (2004). Antimicrobial activity of copper surfaces against suspensions of Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter jejuni. BMC Microbiology, 4: 19.
  • Folarin, T.B., Oloruntoba, E. & Ayede, A., (2013). Water quality and risk of diarrhoeal infections among children under five in Ibadan, Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 16(2): 67-77.
  • Hundakova, M., Valaskova, M., Tomasek, V., Pazdziora, E., & Atejova, K., (2013). Silver and/or copper vermiculites and their antibacterial effect. Acta Geodyn. Geomater, 1(169): 97-104.
  • Jiddimani, R.S., Tonni, S.S. & Vedantam, G. (2021). Quality Assessment of Water Stored in Vessels Made of Different Materials. Journal of Ayurveda, 15: 287-292.
  • Kumar, P. & Garg, V., (2020). Effect of Different Storage Vessels on Various Types of Water in Kota City. International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 4(9): 485-490.
  • Losasso, C., Belluco, S., Cibin, V., Zavagnin, P., IvanMiceti´c., Gallocchio, F., Zanella, M., LisaBregoli, Biancotto, G & Ricci. A., (2014). Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles: sensitivity of different Salmonella serovars. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5(227): 1-9.
  • Mehta, M., Dass, A. & Singh., K. J. (2004), Keeping quality of drinking water. Human Ecology, 16: 125-128.
  • Oladipo, C., Onyenike, I.C., & Adebiyi, A.O., (2009). Microbiological analysis of some vended sachet water in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. African Journal of Food Science, 3(12): 406-412.
  • Packiyam, R., Kananan, S., Pachaiyappan, S. & Narayanan U., (2016). Effect of Storage Containers on Coliforms in Household Drinking Water. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 5(1): 461-477.
  • Paredes, D., Ortiz, C., & Torres, R., (2014). Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antibacterial effect of Ag nanoparticles against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Int. J. Nanomedicine, 9: 1717-1729.
  • Payment, P., Trudel, M. & Plante, R., (1985). Correlation Analysis of Virus density with Bacterial Data from Seven Drinking Water Treatment Plants in Canada. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 49: 1418-1427.
  • Radha, R. & Susheela, P., (2015). Comparative microbiological analysis of water Stored in different storage vessels. Int. J. Pharm. Bio. Sci., 6(2): 121-128.
  • Salle, A.J., (1974). Fundamental principles of Bacteriology. 7th edition, Tata McGraw- Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 689-697.
  • Samanovic, Marie I., Chen Ding, Thiele, Dennis. J., & Heran Darwin, K., (2012). Copper in microbial pathogenesis: meddling with the metal. Cell Host Microbe, 11(2): 106-115.
  • Sarsan, S., (2013). Effect of storage of water in different metal vessels on coliforms. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2(11): 24-29.
  • Sharan, R., Chhibber, S., Attri, S., & Reed, R.H., (2010). Inactivation and sublethal injury of Escherichia coli in a copper water storage vessel: effect of inorganic and organic constituents. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 98: 103- 105.
  • Shrestha, R., Raj Joshi, D., Gopali, J. & Piya, S., (2009). Oligodynamic Action of Silver, Copper and Brass on Enteric Bacteria Isolated from Water of Kathmandu Valley. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology, 10: 189-193.
  • Shrestha, R., Raj Joshi, D., Gopali, J. & Piya, S., (2009). Oligodynamic Action of Silver, Copper and Brass on Enteric Bacteria Isolated from Water of Kathmandu Valley. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology, 10: 189-193.
  • Tandon, P., Chhibber, S. & Reed, R. H., (2005). Inactivation of Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria in traditional brass and earthenware water storage vessels. Ant. van Leeuwen., 88: 35-48.
  • Thompson, T., Sobsey, M. & Bartram, J., (2003). Providing clean water, keeping water clean: an intergrated approach. International Journal on Environmental Health Research, 1: S89-94.
  • Uwah, E.I., Busari, WR. & Sayi, A. (2014). Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses of sachets water samples in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry, 6(6): 52-56.
  • Zanzen, U., Bovenkamp, GL., Krishna, KS., Hormes, J. & Prange, A., (2013). Antibacterial action of copper ions on food-contaminating bacteria. Acta Biologica Szegediensis, 7(2): 149-151.