Assessment of Commercial Agroforestry and Government Initiatives in Jhum Areas of Karbi Anglong, Assam, India

Scholars and policymakers commonly recognize agroforestry as an integrated approach to environmental conservation and enhancing agricultural productivity. This study seeks to examine the status of commercial agroforestry and governmental activities aimed at regulating shifting cultivation in the Karbi Anglong region of Assam, India. Commercial agroforestry often refers to the large-scale production of agricultural and forestry products for commercial purposes. The primary objective is to market and sell products, such as tea or coffee, while utilizing the shelter provided by shade trees. The data was collected systematically using the purposeful sampling method. A total of six villages were chosen for sample collection, and 36 samples were collected to assess the level of satisfaction with the government's commercial agroforestry initiatives, as well as the respondent’s opinion on the ground. The study applied critical analysis and interpretative techniques to qualitative data, while descriptive techniques were used to examine statistical data collected from government reports. This study observed that the local government framed several schemes to conserve three essential natural resources: soil, water, and vegetation. According to the study, the Cash Crops Development Programme was important in reducing the jhum (shifting) cultivation in the study area. However, accepting the changing scenario of agricultural practices in the hill tribal areas of Karbi Anglong, this study interpreted that commercial agroforestry plays a significant role in the changing life of the people, as well as improving agricultural productivity, diversifying income streams and restoring ecological balance in the study area.