Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 1753) Seeds Depending on Pre-Sowing Treatment of Seed with Biological Preparations

Intensive growth of the world's population, persistent climate change and food shortages are becoming major challenges of our time. For this reason, the use of intensive crop cultivation technologies to increase crop yields is a priority for the agricultural sector. The article describes the effect of pre-sowing treatment of seed with biostimulant Emistim C, micro fertiliser Avatar 1, and their combined use on the formation of yield and quality of winter wheat seeds under unstable moisture conditions. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with biostimulant and micro fertiliser provided a significant increase in seed yield compared to the control. With the combined use of preparations for pre-sowing treatment of seed, the seed yield was significantly higher not only compared to the control but also compared to the treatment with each preparation separately. We performed a long-term study from 2018 to 2023, and obtained a similar dependence of seed yield on the pre-sowing treatment of the seed material, both separately and in combination with a biostimulant and micro fertiliser. During the study period, the seed yield was significantly higher under the pre-sowing treatment of seed with these preparations compared to the control. The highest yield of 5.8 t/ha was obtained with pre-sowing treatment in combination with a biostimulant and micro fertiliser, while in the control it was 5.1 t/ha. Pre-sowing treatment of the seed with a biostimulant or micro fertiliser had a positive effect on the yield of conditioned seeds. The yield of conditioned seeds was the highest under the combined treatment of seed with these preparations and amounted to 78%, or 6% higher than the control. It was found that pre-sowing treatment of the seed with a biostimulant and micro fertiliser significantly increased seed quality germination energy, germination rate and weight of 1000 seeds. The obtained results of the study indicate the feasibility of pre-sowing seed treatment with a biostimulant and micro fertiliser to increase the yield and quality of winter wheat seeds, as well as the effectiveness of their combined use in growing crops under conditions of insufficient moisture.