Published September 17, 2025 | Version v1

Elementary Charge: A Swarm Theory Derivation

Description

Abstract:  This paper derives the elementary charge (e) from coherence geometry within Swarm Theory. Conventional physics treats e as a fundamental unit of charge with no structural basis. Here, e emerges directly from lattice geometry, coherence tension (ΔI), and helical wave projection.

Key results:

  • Geometric origin: e is not arbitrary but a direct consequence of coherence membrane structure.
  • Consistency: The same calibrated parameters that yield Planck’s constant (h) and the fine-structure constant (α) also reproduce e with no free adjustment.
  • Implication: Charge arises as a geometric property of condensed waves, not as an independent constant.

This result advances the electromagnetic unification within Swarm Theory: h, α, e, ε₀, μ₀, and Z₀ all reduce to geometric consequences of lattice coherence.

Additional materials and related work are available on GitHub: 

https://github.com/crumpler4/Swarm-Theory-Unified-Field-Equation-Series

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References

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