Published September 17, 2025
| Version v1
Preprint
Open
Vacuum Wave Impedance from Coherence Geometry: A Swarm Theory Derivation
Authors/Creators
Description
This paper derives the vacuum wave impedance (Z₀) from coherence geometry within Swarm Theory. In conventional physics, Z₀ is defined as the ratio of electric to magnetic fields in free space, expressed as Z₀ = √(μ₀ / ε₀). In contrast, Swarm Theory shows that Z₀ arises directly from the properties of Coherence Membranes and their surface tension (ΔI).
Key results:
- Geometric origin: Z₀ emerges from lattice geometry itself, without independent definitions of μ₀ or ε₀.
- Consistency: The same calibrated parameter set that yields Planck’s constant (h) and the fine-structure constant (α) reproduces Z₀ exactly, with no free adjustment.
- Dependence: Once Z₀ is fixed, ε₀ and μ₀ follow as dependent quantities rather than independent constants.
These results close the electromagnetic scale within Swarm Theory: h, α, e, ε₀, μ₀, and Z₀ all emerge as geometric consequences of lattice coherence, not as separately defined constants.
Files
Vacuum_Wave_Impedance_Crumpler_v1_16SEP2025_final for upload.pdf
Files
(289.6 kB)
| Name | Size | Download all |
|---|---|---|
|
md5:a68baaa335ba5bd9596b03febeb1c3c2
|
289.6 kB | Preview Download |
Additional details
References
- Sommerfeld, A. (1916). Zur Quantentheorie der Spektrallinien. Annalen der Physik, 356(17), 1–94.
- Millikan, R. A. (1917). The electron and the light-quant from the experimental point of view. Nature, 100, 409–414.
- Millikan, R. A. (1913). On the elementary electrical charge and the Avogadro constant. Physical Review, 2(2), 109–143.
- Einstein, A. (1905). On a heuristic viewpoint concerning the production and transformation of light. Annalen der Physik.
- Crumpler, J. P. (2025). Swarm Theory: The Position Hypothesis. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17140887
- Crumpler, J. P. (2025). Vacuum Permittivity from Coherence Geometry: A Swarm Theory Derivation. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17141112
- Crumpler, J. P. (2025). Elementary Charge: A Swarm Theory Derivation. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17141219
- Crumpler, J. P. (2025). Sommerfeld's Constant from Coherence Geometry: A Swarm Theory Derivation. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17130007
- Crumpler, J. P. (2025). Planck's Constant from Coherence Geometry: A Swarm Theory Derivation. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17129863
- Crumpler, J. P. (2025). Swarm Theory Explained: A Plain Language Guide to the Unified Field Equation. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17118629
- Crumpler, J. P. (2025). Swarm Theory: A Unified Field Framework. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17118609
- BIPM. (2019). The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition. Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure
- Bousso, R. (2002). The Holographic Principle. Reviews of Modern Physics, 74, 825–874. https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.74.825
- Susskind, L. (1995). The World as a Hologram. Journal of Mathematical Physics, 36(11), 6377–6396. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.531249
- 't Hooft, G. (1993). Dimensional Reduction in Quantum Gravity. Salamfestschrift (Conf. Proc. C 930308, pp. 284–296). arXiv:gr-qc/9310026
- Sommerfeld, A. (1916). Zur Quantentheorie der Spektrallinien. Annalen der Physik, 356(17), 1–94. https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.19163561702
- Maxwell, J. C. (1865). A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 155, 459–512. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1865.0008
- Einstein, A. (1915). Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. Annalen der Physik.