Correlation Between Sleep Deprivation and Cognitive Function-Insights into Neurophysiology

Background: Sleep is essential for maintaining optimal cognitive functions, including memory, attention, and executive processes. Sleep deprivation is increasingly prevalent and may adversely affect daily performance.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of sleep deprivation on cognitive function and provide insights into its neurophysiological basis.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the General OPD of Jalpaiguri Government Medical College from January to December 2024. A total of 100 adults were assessed for sleep duration and cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Trail Making Tests (A & B), and Digit Span Test. Participants were categorized into four groups based on daily sleep duration: <4 h, 4–6 h, 6–8 h, and >8 h.

Results: Participants with <4 h and >8 h of sleep showed significantly lower cognitive scores compared to those with 6–8 h sleep duration (p < 0.05). Optimal cognitive performance was observed in the 6–8 h group, while marked impairments were noted in attention, memory, and executive function among the sleep-deprived group.

Conclusion: Sleep deprivation is strongly associated with impaired cognitive performance. Ensuring adequate sleep duration is vital for maintaining neurocognitive health, and public awareness regarding healthy sleep practices is necessary.