Modal Consciousness Pluralism: Counterfactual Navigation as the Foundation of Phenomenal Experience

I advance modal consciousness pluralism: conscious experience partly consists in an agent’s capacity to navigate counterfactual possibilities. Distinguishing prediction
from intervention (P(Y | X) vs. P(Y | do(X))), I propose a six-level hierarchy of modal access and a bridge from causal models to modal frames. Unity is explained
via ε-bounded modal coherence across self-relevant submodules, and the view yields testable links between planning depth and phenomenological vividness,
unity, and sense of agency. I contrast the account with Predictive Processing/Active Inference, Global Neuronal Workspace, and Integrated Information Theory, arguing
that intervention-sensitive structure supplies explanatory resources these frameworks lack. Behavioral assays, neural signatures, and AI benchmarks operationalize
the claims. “Level 6” is treated as a regulative idealization, not a metaphysical thesis. The result is a graded, empirically tractable framework connecting counterfactual
competence to phenomenal character.