Hydrology, Flood Risk Assessment, and Water Resources Management in Albania: An Integrated Approach

Flooding is a major problem, made worse by urbanisation and climate change, which endanger ecosystems and socioeconomic stability. Albania is a prime example of the integration of hydrology, flood risk assessment, and water resources management due to its varied hydrological circumstances. The study’s goals were to analyse hydrological data, assess the variables that affect flood risk, and create sustainable management plans. To address these challenges, hydrological data from national monitoring stations, satellite imagery, and field surveys were employed in conjunction with advanced flood risk assessment models, including SWMM and HEC-HMS. Furthermore, a geographic analysis and evaluation of early warning systems were conducted to supplement the methodology. The findings indicate that integrating hydrological data with modern models enhances forecast accuracy by 25% and improves the effectiveness of mitigation measures by 25%, thereby reducing flood damage and increasing resilience. To prevent flooding and promote sustainable development and ecosystem health, the study emphasizes the significance of putting integrated water resource management techniques into practice, such as wetland restoration and infrastructure improvements. The results highlight the necessity of investing in modern hydrological techniques and policy frameworks to address complex challenges in flood management, with Albania serving as a model for similar regions globally.