Evaluating the Effectiveness of Space Allocation in Controlling Traffic and Circulation in Shopping Mall Designs

Efficient pedestrian circulation is crucial for enhancing user experience and managing congestion in shopping malls. This study examines the influence of spatial configuration, store placement, and vertical circulation elements on pedestrian flow and movement efficiency. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through direct observations, passenger flow analysis, and structured questionnaires from 196 respondents. Findings reveal that poorly distributed anchor stores create congestion hotspots, while escalators remain the most preferred vertical circulation method, despite bottlenecks at landing points. Additionally, inadequate wayfinding systems and inefficiently placed public seating areas contribute to navigation challenges. Technological interventions such as smart wayfinding and occupancy monitoring improve traffic distribution, though a significant number of visitors still rely on traditional navigation methods. The study recommends optimized spatial planning, better wayfinding systems, and an integrated approach to digital and physical navigation tools to enhance circulation efficiency in shopping malls.