Quantifying Black Hole Entropy Increase via Particle Collisions and Randomness

Black hole entropy is a cornerstone of modern physics,
traditionally linked to macroscopic parameters such as
mass and event horizon area. Yet, microscopic processes,
including particle collisions and quantum fluctuations, also
contribute to the overall entropy. In this study, we present
a data-driven framework to quantify these contributions.
We use gravitational-wave strain data from the GW150914
event recorded by the Laser Interferometer GravitationalWave Observatory (LIGO) as the observational basis.
Monte Carlo simulations of particle collisions near the
event horizon are combined with synthetically generated
Gaussian-distributed fluctuations to model intrinsic
randomness in the system. Shannon’s information entropy
is applied to particle energy histograms to quantify
increases in disorder, while Power Spectral Density (PSD)
analysis captures frequency-domain variability induced by
these fluctuations. A Pearson correlation heatmap is
generated to explore the interdependencies among key
variables, revealing a strong positive correlation (r ≈ 0.82)
between noise amplitude and resulting entropy. The
results indicate that microscopic interactions significantly
enhance black hole entropy, largely independent of
macroscopic properties such as mass. This supports a
hybrid view of black hole thermodynamics, where both
geometric and statistical factors govern total entropy. Our
framework provides a reproducible methodology linking
observational data with statistical modeling, offering a
pathway to probe the microphysical structure of black
holes and deepen our understanding of their
thermodynamic behavior.