Nephrotoma joneensis Yang & Yang, 1990

Figs 30–32, 33–37, 38–40, 41–43

Nephrotoma joneensis Yang & Yang, 1990: 481.

Material examined.

China – Gansu Prov. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Zhuoni, Ganbuta; 2900 m a. s. l.; 16 Aug. 1980; F. S. Li leg.; CAU 491, 492. – Qinghai Prov. • 1 ♂; Minhe, Gushan Forest Farm; 2456 m a. s. l.; 36.0841°N, 102.7100°E; 29 Jun. 2019; X. Li leg.; CAU TN 2304205 • 1 ♂; Minhe; Shenba Village; 2455 m a. s. l.; 36.2496°N, 102.5274°E; 29 Jun. 2019; Qilemoge leg.; CAU TN 2304233 • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Huzhu, Dongyuanguidaodongce; 2756 m a. s. l.; 36.7803°N, 102.1365°E; 1 Jul. 2019; Y. Liu leg.; CAU TN 2304323 to TN 2304326 • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Huzhu, Tianmensi Temple; 3125 m a. s. l.; 36.7541°N, 102.2005°E; 1 Jul. 2019; Qilemoge leg.; CAU TN 2304026 to TN 2304029 • 2 ♂♂; Huzhu, Weibei Road; 2490 m a. s. l.; 36.0304°N, 102.3309°E; 3 Jul. 2019; Qilemoge leg.; CAU TN 2304125, TN 2304126 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Huzhu, Weibei Road; 3017 m a. s. l.; 37.0023°N, 102.1226°E; 18 Jul. 2023; X. Wang leg.; XJAU TN 2309001 to TN 2309002 • 4 ♂♂; Menyuan, Sigou; 2526 m a. s. l.; 37.1470°N, 102.3749°E; 20 Jul. 2023; X. Wang leg.; XJAU TN 2309064 to TN 2309067 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Menyuan, Sanchakou; 2709 m a. s. l.; 37.2780°N, 102.1880°E; 21 Jul. 2023; X. Wang leg.; XJAU TN 2309078 to TN 2309079 • 2 ♂♂; Menyuan, Meihua Village; 3101 m a. s. l.; 37.2847°N, 102.1429°E; 22 Jul. 2023; X. Wang leg.; XJAU TN 2309225 to TN 2309226 • 1 ♀; Menyuan, Qihankaigou; 2684 m a. s. l.; 37.1587°N, 102.0324°E; 22 Jul. 2023; X. Wang leg.; XJAU TN 2309227 • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Menyuan, Heiyegou; 2863 m a. s. l.; 37.2527°N, 102.34224°E; 23 Jul. 2023; X. Wang leg.; XJAU TN 2309235 to TN 2309239 • 1 ♂; Menyuan, G 569; 2580 m a. s. l.; 37.2334°N, 102.0173°E; 24 Jul. 2023; X. Wang leg.; XJAU TN 2309280 • 12 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Menyuan, Laohugou; 3395 m a. s. l.; 37.5533°N, 101.5885°E; 26 Jul. 2023; X. Wang leg.; XJAU TN 2309332 to TN 2309344 • 12 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Qilian, Longkong Section; 3395 m a. s. l.; 38.0741°N, 100.6425°E; 27 Jul. 2023; X. Wang leg.; XJAU TN 2310015 to TN 2310029 • 2 ♂♂; Qilian, Binggou; 38.1333°N, 3075 m a. s. l.; 100.1678°E; 27 Jul. 2023; X. Wang leg.; light trap; XJAU TN 2310013 to TN 2310014 • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Qilian, Qingyanggou; 3210 m a. s. l.; 38.1619°N, 100.4799°E; 28 Jul. 2023; X. Wang leg.; XJAU TN 2310030 to TN 2310033 • 1 ♂; Qilian, Qingyanggou; 3152 m a. s. l.; 38.1540°N, 100.3962°E; 28 Jul. 2023; X. Wang leg.; light trap; XJAU TN 2310008 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Qilian, Yindonggou; 3211 m a. s. l.; 38.1619°N, 100.3922°E; 28 Jul. 2023; X. Wang leg.; XJAU TN 2310203 to TN 2310204 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Qilian, Zhamashidonggou; 3050 m a. s. l.; 38.1546°N, 100.0227°E; 29 Jul. 2023; X. Wang leg.; XJAU TN 2310034 to TN 2310036 • 10 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Qilian, Lujiaogou; 3311 m a. s. l.; 38.1132°N, 100.4744°E; 30 Jul. 2023; X. Wang leg.; light trap; XJAU TN 2310216 to TN 2310229 • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Qilian, Lujiaogou; 3269 m a. s. l.; 38.1164°N, 100.4638°E; 30 Jul. 2023; X. Wang leg.; XJAU TN 2310188 to TN 2310191 • 1 ♂; Qilian, Lujiaogou; 2867 m a. s. l.; 38.1164°N, 100.3407°E; 30 Jul. 2023; X. Wang leg.; light trap; XJAU TN 2310050 • 8 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; Qilian, Binggou; 3410 m a. s. l.; 38.1259°N, 100.1283°E; 31 Jul. 2023; X. Wang leg.; XJAU TN 2310110 to TN 2310124 • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Qilian, Yeniugou; 3300 m a. s. l.; 38.3753°N, 99.4473°E; 1 Aug. 2023; X. Wang leg.; XJAU TN 2310139 to TN 2310142 • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Qilian, Youhulu; 3094 m a. s. l.; 38.2530°N, 99.7875°E; 1 Aug. 2023; X. Wang leg.; XJAU TN 2310143 to TN 2310146 • 1 ♀; Qilian, Baiyanggou; 2871 m a. s. l.; 38.2192°N, 100.2634°E; 2 Aug. 2023; X. Wang leg.; light trap; XJAU TN 2310149 • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Qilian, Huangcang Temple Water Conservancy Hub Project; 2579 m a. s. l.; 38.2499°N, 100.1836°E; 2 Aug. 2023; X. Wang leg.; light trap; XJAU TN 2310165 to TN 2310168.

Diagnosis.

Body black. Vertex with a tubercle and a dark-yellow spot at the posterior-lateral margin. Antenna reaching the base of abdomen when bent backward; base of flagellar segments enlarged starting from the second segment. Prescutum and presutural scutum median and lateral stripes fused. Tergite 9 posteriorly with horned, inclined projections and median V-shaped notch. Sternite 8 posteriorly with a median, apically bifid appendage. Clasper of gonostylus with dorsal crest bare, lower break horn shaped.

Redescription.

Male. Body length 11.1–14.3 mm, wing length 8.9–11.6 mm, antenna length 3.5–5.7 mm (N = 81). Present description based on immersed specimens.

Head (Figs 30, 31). Mostly black, vertex with a tubercle, a petaloid dark yellow spot at posterior-lateral margin. Nasus obvious. Head with black setae. Antenna 13 - segmented, reaching the base of abdomen when bent backward; scape brown, with apical third brown, pedicel and flagellar segments dark brown. Base of the flagellum segments enlarged starting from the second segment. Verticils about twice shorter than the corresponding segment. Terminal segment of flagellum round. Palpi blackened, terminal segment pale, darken at base.

Thorax (Figs 30, 31). Mostly black. Pronotum dark yellow, black middorsally. Prescutum and presutural scutum with three fused longitudinal black stripes; median stripes apically dark brown. Postsutural scutum brown in the middle, each lobe with large black spot. Scutellum black. Mediotergite dark yellow with two dark-brown spots apically. Legs black. Coxae black. Apices of tibiae brown, apices of femora dark brown, tarsal segments black. Wing pale brown, with a distinct black pterostigma; black shadow at vein R 4 + 5 and crossvein r-m; cell m 1 petiolate (Fig. 32). Halter with stem black; knob pale black variegated with a dark-brown spot (Fig. 30).

Abdomen (Fig. 30). Entirely black.

Hypopygium (Figs 33–37). Tergite 9 posteriorly with horned, inclined projections, and a narrow, median V-shaped notch. Median region with a white crescent membrane (Fig. 35). Sternite 8 posteriorly with apically bifid appendage, strongly sclerotized at the middle (Fig. 34). Sternite 9 posteriorly with sparse setae, the median U-notch sclerotized at the middle in ventral view (Figs 33, 34). Gonocoxite separated from sternite 9, apically bearing shallow incision (Fig. 33). Clasper of gonostylus with a big concavity at the middle; beak obtuse; dorsal crest bare; outer basal lobe splitted into two short plates; lower beak with horned protuberance; the margin extending from the beak to the lower beak, strongly sclerotized; one U-notch between the beak and the lower beak (Fig. 36). Lobe of gonostylus broadened at the middle, rest of sclerite tapering towards apex. (Figs 37). Semen pump yellowish (Figs 38–40). Posterior immovable apodeme leaf-shaped directed backward, tip inward. Compressor apodeme dark brown fan-shaped, forming a 30 ° angle with the posterior immovable apodeme. Anterior immovable apodeme with inner margin black, narrower than the compressor apodeme.

Female. Body length 14.3–18.4 mm, wing length 9.7–14.2 mm, antenna length 2.3–3.7 mm (N = 37). Resembles male in head, thorax and abdomen. Abdominal segments of females with dorsal plates shallowly tinged with yellow near lateral margins. Tergite 8, tergite 9 black, tergite 10 dark brown (Figs 41–43).

Ovipositor (Figs 41–43). Black. Cercus narrowed toward tip (Figs 41, 42). Hypogynial valve curved downward apically (Figs 41, 43). Both sides of hypovalva yellow and black at the middle (Fig. 43).

Elevation range in China.

Adults were collected at altitudes ranging from 2455 m to 3410 m.

Period of activity.

Adults are flying in June – August.

Distribution.

China (Gansu, Qinghai: Huzhu, Menyuan, Qilian).

Remarks.

Nephrotoma joneensis is similar to N. basiflava Alexander, 1925 in body color. However, it can be distinguished by the following features: in N. joneensis, tergite 9 has two projections; sternite 8 posteriorly has a bifid appendage; the overall body size is larger. In N. basiflava, tergite 9 has four projections; sternite 8 posteriorly is flat at the middle, without an appendage; the overall body size is smaller. (Yang and Yang 1991, 2002).