Published August 30, 2025 | Version v21
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Energy Phase in Cosmology (EPhiC) Ver21

Authors/Creators

  • 1. Independent Author

Description

Energy Phase in Cosmology (EPhiC) Ver21

I have reluctantly decided to restrict Ver20
I would greatly appreciate it if you could refer to Ver21 instead.

Ver21,Ver20  are same contents

The reason is as follows:
While partially releasing the code under CC0, some concerns came to mind. I sincerely ask for your understanding.
I realized that Ver20 needed proper notices regarding the code.
Ver21 includes the necessary information for users.

Adjusting parameters, input sizes, or iteration counts to excessive values may lead to high CPU usage, memory shortages, or system instability.

Additional details are provided at the end of the PDF

Unless there is a special reason, it seems that Ver.22 will serve as the final version.

Ver.21 includes a hypothetical explanation of the Moon’s satellite formation process.

 

---------------


I would like to introduce the essence of this work.

This theory presents a cosmological framework that expands the scale of the universe on the basis of hypothetical assumptions. It interprets the dynamics of energy—originating from Planck density and spreading across the universe—as the motion of vast, rotating energy fields.

The central focus of EPhiC is energy, phase, synchronization, and resonance. While some aspects of observable cosmic phenomena are addressed within EPhiC, I emphasize that this remains a hypothetical and exploratory approach, intended as a tentative attempt to search for possibilities.

Main themes of EPhiC:

1. EPhiC structure – energy source, energy field, and scale.


2. EPhiC and physical universe phenomena – galactic rotation, spiral arms, gravitational acceleration of black holes, and solar system resonances.


Keywords: energy, phase, resonance, dimension, cosmology, cosmic microwave background (CMB), energy field, rotating, time, light, gravity, dark matter, galactic rotation, spiral arm, solar system.

With Version 21, the content has reached its substantial conclusion.
Version 22 will be a final refinement and completion, though it may take considerable time to prepare.

Brief version overview:

Versions 1–17: fundamental theory and explanations.

Version 18: the theoretical framework was established.

From Version 19: nearly all content was rewritten, with solar system resonance newly modeled.

Version 21: additions included X–Y plane energy field dynamics, galactic rotation, spiral arms, and black hole gravitational acceleration. Concepts of time, light, and gravity were also revised to align more closely with the theory. A LaTeX formulation was added to describe solar system resonances.


Despite my efforts to reach a conclusive formulation, I acknowledge that there may still be shortcomings and errors. I sincerely ask for the readers’ generous understanding.

I am deeply grateful, as it is only through the patience and open-mindedness of readers that my first paper could develop to this stage.

Though modest and imperfect, I hope this work may still serve as a small seed of inspiration. May the happiness of the universe accompany you as you read this work.

 

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Zenodo for its continued dedication and invaluable contribution to open science.  Thank you for your unwavering commitment and support.

I sincerely thank you for taking the time out of your busy schedule to review my email.

 

First of all, I sincerely apologize for any confusion caused due to my limited knowledge.

The discovery and theoretical development of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) are truly remarkable, and I fully acknowledge and support these achievements.
I have revised the parts of the manuscript that may have conveyed confusion regarding the foundational principles of the CMB.

Whenever I discover areas where my understanding falls short, I am committed to actively revising and improving them.
I hold deep respect for existing researchers and their invaluable contributions, and I fully agree with their scientific accomplishments.

I would be grateful if you could read it with a light heart and a bit of imaginative curiosity. 

The reason I wrote this theory was simply in the hope that it might bring even the slightest positive inspiration to some of you.
I would like to emphasize clearly that I am not claiming this cosmological model to be definitive or correct.

I sincerely request your support in helping me build this into a well-structured document within legal and academic standards.

This is my first time submitting a paper as a non-professional. I have tried my best to include all relevant sources, reference. If there are any omissions or mistakes, I kindly ask for your understanding and assistance in correcting them

I would like to inform you that the content can always be modified for legal and formal compliance with the paper.

Please understand that AI_chatGPT was used as a means to supplement my insufficient personal abilities, and I ask for your broad understanding.

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References

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  • Ramanujan, S. (1914). Modular equations and approximations to π. Quarterly Journal of Mathematics, 45(1), 350–372.   [Mathematical basis for modular series used in the model]
  • Hardy, G. H. (1940). Ramanujan: Twelve Lectures on Subjects Suggested by His Life and Work. Cambridge University Press.   [Includes modular identities and series expansions used in toroidal resonance]
  • Abramowitz, M., & Stegun, I. A. (1972). Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables. Dover Publications.   [Reference for elliptic and modular functions]
  • Andrews, G. E., Berndt, B. C. (2005). Ramanujan's Lost Notebook, Part I. Springer.   [Modern exploration of Ramanujan's theta functions and q-series relevant to energy phase modeling]
  • Carroll, S. M. (2004). Spacetime and Geometry: An Introduction to General Relativity. Addison-Wesley. [A modern and rigorous textbook on general relativity, referenced here for the formal structure of the Ricci curvature tensor, metric decomposition, and spacetime dynamics within a modified toroidal framework.]
  • Misner, C. W., Thorne, K. S., & Wheeler, J. A. (1973). Gravitation. W.H. Freeman. [A foundational text in gravitational physics, cited in relation to the interpretation of gravitational potential (Φ) decomposition and the geometric formulation of field equations within mesh-type space.]
  • Lachièze-Rey, M., & Luminet, J. P. (1995). Cosmic Topology. Physics Reports, 254(3), 135–214. [Referenced for the discussion of toroidal and non-trivial topologies of the universe. Provides theoretical justification for using torus-shaped structures in large-scale cosmology.]
  • Hardy, G. H. (1940). Ramanujan: Twelve Lectures on Subjects Suggested by His Life and Work. Cambridge University Press. [An essential historical and mathematical resource elaborating Ramanujan's modular identities and theta functions, supporting their adapted use in resonance-based formulations.]
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  • Smolin, L. (2002). Three Roads to Quantum Gravity. Basic Books. [Used as conceptual background in Section 6.1 for the interplay between quantum gravity and cosmic topology.]
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  • Misner, C. W., Thorne, K. S., & Wheeler, J. A. (1973). Gravitation. W. H. Freeman and Company. [Cited implicitly throughout Sections 3–5 when discussing general relativistic framework and geometric tensors.]
  • Planck Collaboration. (2020). Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 641, A6. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833910 [Referenced in Section 2.2 when comparing observed CMB anisotropy with the proposed toroidal symmetry.]
  • Einstein, A. (1916). The foundation of the general theory of relativity. Annalen der Physik, 49(7), 769–822. https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.19163540702 [Indirectly referenced when discussing the modification of the Einstein field equations and their linear extensions.]
  • Ramanujan, S. (1916). On certain arithmetical functions. Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 22(9), 159–184. [Indirectly referenced in the context of Ramanujan-inspired correction terms and expansion functions in higher-order formulations.]
  • Hubble, E. (1929). A relation between distance and radial velocity among extra-galactic nebulae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 15(3), 168–173. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.15.3.168 [Referenced indirectly when comparing cosmic expansion and resonance interpretations with observational foundations.]
  • Penzias, A. A., & Wilson, R. W. (1965). A measurement of excess antenna temperature at 4080 Mc/s. Astrophysical Journal, 142, 419–421. https://doi.org/10.1086/148307 [Indirectly referenced in relation to the discovery of the cosmic microwave background and its role as a universal observational baseline.]
  • Hawking, S. W., & Penrose, R. (1970). The singularities of gravitational collapse and cosmology. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A, 314(1519), 529–548. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1970.0021 [Indirectly referenced when considering singularity formation, photon rings, and black hole interior discussions.]
  • Kerr, R. P. (1963). Gravitational field of a spinning mass as an example of algebraically special metrics. Physical Review Letters, 11(5), 237–238. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.11.237 [Indirectly referenced in relation to rotating black holes and frame-dragging effects tied to the Z-axis resonance discussion.]
  • Lelli, F., McGaugh, S. S., & Schombert, J. M. (2016). SPARC: Mass Models for 175 Disk Galaxies with Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves. The Astronomical Journal, 152(6), 157. https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-6256/152/6/157 [Directly referenced for rotation curve comparisons and galaxy-scale resonance validation.]
  • Begeman, K. G. (1989). HI rotation curves of spiral galaxies. I - NGC 3198. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 223, 47–60. [Referenced as observational support for resonance-based rotation curve modeling.]
  • Einstein, A. (1915). Die Feldgleichungen der Gravitation. Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin), 844–847. [Indirectly referenced regarding the Einstein field equations and their relation to the EPhiC framework.]
  • Hill, G. W. (1878). Researches in the Lunar Theory. American Journal of Mathematics, 1(1), 5–26. [Directly referenced for the Hill sphere concept and lunar orbital stability criteria.]
  • Goldreich, P., & Soter, S. (1966). Q in the Solar System. Icarus, 5, 375–389. [Directly referenced regarding tidal dissipation and energy loss mechanisms relevant to Earth–Moon capture.]
  • Melosh, H. J. (2011). Planetary Surface Processes. Cambridge University Press. [Indirectly referenced in connection with planetary material distribution and surface compositional processes.]
  • Canup, R. M., & Asphaug, E. (2001). Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of the Earth's formation. Nature, 412, 708–712. [Indirectly referenced as the dominant giant impact model, included for comparison with the gradual capture scenario.]
  • Ćuk, M., & Stewart, S. T. (2012). Making the Moon from a fast-spinning Earth: A giant impact followed by resonant interactions. Science, 338, 1047–1052. [Indirectly referenced as a modern variation of the giant impact hypothesis, relevant for contrasting with the capture approach.]
  • Murray, C. D., & Dermott, S. F. (1999). Solar System Dynamics. Cambridge University Press. [Directly referenced for orbital mechanics, stability conditions, and general dynamical framework applied in capture modeling.]