Nosocomial Myiasis: Rare but Preventable Acquired Infestation from Hospital Environments

Myiasis is the infestation of living tissue by fly larvae (order Diptera), which feed on either necrotic or living tissue. When it occurs in a hospital setting and is acquired after admission, it is referred to as nosocomial myiasis. This condition is most commonly seen in patients who are immobilized, sedated, intubated, or has chronic wounds that make them more susceptible to larval infestation. Nosocomial myiasis, infestation of hospitalized patients by fly larvae, is rare but signifies severe lapses in sanitation and patient care. This review examines epidemiology, causative vectors, clinical features, diagnostics, management, and prevention through a multi-faceted lens, drawing on case reports and outbreak data.