State Estimation of Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Strain Gages

Lithium-Ion batteries (LIB) are nowadays used in various applications, ranging from smartphones to power tools and electric vehicles. In all these applications, a battery management system (BMS) determines the state of charge (SOC) and the state of health (SOH) of the LIB by measuring the cell voltages, the current and the temperature of the cells. The general state (SOX) of a LIB is not only represented by these values but also by its mechanical properties that are closely linked to the electrochemical characteristics.