CHRYSOPA QUADRIPUNCTATA Burmeister, 1839

Chrysopa quadripunctata Burmeister, 1839: 980. Type: NORTH AMERICA; original designation; sex unknown, deposited in Halle [Germany: Halle an der Saale] (Penny et al. 1997).

SYNONYMY PERTAINING TO CANADA

Chrysopa quadripunctata: Walker 1853: 246; Smith 1932: 597; Putman 1932b: 121–126; Spencer 1942: 27; Garlick 1955: 282, 326–327, 329; Bickley and MacLeod 1956: 194; Bram and Bickley 1963: 8–9; Lafrance 1970b: 38, pl. 14; Throne: 1971: 70; Garland 1982 [1984]: 143–148, 314–315, Figs. 48–50, 73, Map 10; 1984: 93; 1985a: 737– 751; Penny et al. 1997: 51.

CANADA: T = 74 (43♂, 27♀, 4?) + 10 larvae. FIRST RECORD: BC: 1♂, Vanc[ouver] Island, 2.vi.[18]88 (G.W. Taylor) / (Det. Smith) / (Chrysopa quadripunctata Burm., Det. R.C. Smith) [CNC]. FLIGHT PERIOD: May 26 (1965; Rondeau Provincial Park ON)–September 22 (1961; Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue QC).

BC: T = 2 (1♂, 1?). FIRST RECORD: 1♂, Vanc[ouver] Island, 2.vi.[18]88 (G.W. Taylor) / (Det. Smith) / (Chrysopa quadripunctata Burm., Det. R.C. Smith) [CNC]. FLIGHT PERIOD: June 2–4 (1888; Vancouver Island). LOCALITIES: Vanc[ouver] Island [49°30'N 125°30'W; CNC].

MB: T = 25 (21♂, 3♀, 1?). FIRST RECORD: 1? [abdomen missing], Rennie, 6-8-[19]61 / (Fl[u]or[escent] Lamp, 6-8-61) [NFRC]. NEW RECORDS: 1? [abdomen missing], Rennie, 6-8-[19]61 [collector unknown] / (Fl[u]or[escent] Lamp, 6-8-61) [NFRC]. 4♂, Rennie, Light Trap, 23.vi.1962 [collector unknown; hand-written, underside of label with the letter (P) 106] [CNC]. 1♂, Rennie, Light Trap, 23-6-1962 [collector unknown], [hand-written, underside of label] (P) / (Chrysopa rufilabris Burm., Det. J.A.D.) [NFRC]. 4♂, 1♀, Rennie, Light Trap, 29.vi.1962 [collector unknown; hand-written, underside of label with the letter (P)] [CNC]. 1♂, Rennie, Light Trap, 6.vii.1962 [collector unknown; hand-written, underside of label with the letter (P)] [CNC]. 1♂, Rennie, Light Trap, 21.vii.1962 [collector unknown; hand-written, underside of label with the letter (P)] [CNC]. 8♂, Rennie, Light Trap, 29.vii.1962 [collector unknown; hand-written, underside of label with the letter (P), all except two specimens] [CNC]. 1♂, 1♀, Rennie, Light Trap, 29-7-1962 [collector unknown], [hand-written, underside of label] (P)] [NFRC]. 1♂, 1♀, Rennie, Light Trap, 10.viii.1962 [collector unknown; hand-written, underside of label with the letter (P)] [CNC]. FLIGHT PERIOD: June 23–August 10 (1962; Rennie, Light Trap). LOCALITIES: Rennie [49°51'10"N 95°33'10"W; CNC, NFRC].

NS: T = 2 (♂). FIRST RECORD / NEW RECORDS: 1♂, Willowdale, 13.vii.1947 (J.T.B. Kingston) / (By lantern) / [hand-written] (18) / [type-written] (3–4) / [type-written] (U.N.B.4) / [paper rectangle with a green and yellow band at one end, not inscribed] / [paper disc, bluish-green] / [type-written] (2581) / (Chrysopa? slossonae Banks, ♂, Det. P. Adams) / [hand-written] (This spec[ies] has entoprocesses more curved at apex than in Tauber’s slossonae, but still not so angulate as in 4-punctata) [genitalia in microvial pinned with the specimen; CNC 107]. FLIGHT PERIOD: July 13 (1947; Willowdale)–September 5 (1956; Green Bay). LOCALITIES: Green Bay [44°13'N 64°26'W; NSM]. Willowdale [45°24'N 62°13'W; CNC].

ON: T = 31 (11♂, 19♀, 1?). FIRST RECORD: 1♀, Biscotasing, 14.vii.1931 (Karl Schedl) / (19283 / 73) / (Chrysopa quadripunctata Burm., Det. P. Adams) [CNC]. NEW RECORDS: 1♀, S[ain]t Lawrence Is[lands] Nat[ional] Park, Lindsey Is[land] / Code 4423-E, 15.viii.1976 (Carter) [CNC]. 1♂, S[ain]t Lawrence Is[lands] Nat[ional] Park, Thwartway Is[land] / Code 4484-N, 20.viii.1976 (Reid) [CNC]. FLIGHT PERIOD: May 26 (Rondeau Provincial Park)–September 2 (1931; St. Davids). LOCALITIES: Biscotasing [47°17'N 82°06'W; CNC]. Bobcaygeon [44°33'N 78°33'W; CNC]. Chaffeys Locks [44°35'N 76°19'W; ROM]. Dundas Marsh, Hamilton [Dundas, 43°16'N 76°58'W; MCMU]. Georgian Bay Island 421 [Georgian Bay Islands National Park of Canada, 44°53'N 79°52'W; UG]. Marmora [44°29'N 77°41'W; CNC, UG]. Niag[ara] Falls [43°06'N 79°04'W; UG]. Niagara-on-Lake [Niagara-on-the-Lake, 43°15'N 79°04'W; UG]. Port Credit [43°33'N 79°35'W; ROM]. P[or]t Dover [42°47'N 80°12'W; UG]. Rondeau Prov[incial] P[ar]k [42°17'N 81°52'W; ROM]. S[ain]t Davids [43°10'N 79°07'W; UG]. S[ain]t Lawrence Is[lands] Nat[ional] Park, Lindsey Is[land], Code 4423-E [Lindsay Island, 44°18'N 76°11'W; CNC]. S[ain]t Lawrence Is[lands] Nat[ional] Park, Thwartway Is[land], Code 4484-N [Leek Island, 44°18'N 76°09'W; CNC]. Toronto [43°42'N 79°25'W; ROM].

106.P = Life-Table Plot. Traps were serviced weekly by staff at the CFS Whiteshell Field Station on Red Rock Lake; one of us (JAG) worked there as a Technical Officer in the summer of 1964

107.Forewings missing; hindwings and abdomen on a label pinned with the specimen [CNC].

PE: T = 1 (♀). FIRST RECORD: 1♀, Dalvay House, Can[adian] Nat[ional] Park, 20.vii.1940 (G.S. Walley) [CNC]. FLIGHT PERIOD: July 20 (1940; Dalvay House, Canadian National Park). LOCALITIES: Dalvay House, Can[adian] Nat[ional] Park [Dalvay-by-the-Sea Hotel National Historic Site, 46°24'54"N 63°04'15"W; CNC].

QC: T = 12 (8♂, 3♀, 1?) + 10 larvae. FIRST RECORD: 1? [abdomen missing], Shawbridge, 24.vii.1926 (A.F. Winn) [LEM]. FLIGHT PERIOD: June 24 (1976; Laval)–September 22 (1961; Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue). LOCALITIES: Covey Hill [45°01'06"N 73°45'20"W; CNC]. Ile Perrot [L’Île-Perrot, 45°23'N 73°57'W; LEM]. Laval [45°35'N 73°45'W; LEM]. Masham Mills [Masham, 45°41'N 76°05'W; ROM]. Mont S[ain]t Hilaire [Saint-Hilaire, 45°33'30"N 73°11'54"W; LEM]. Parc du Mont Tremblant [Mont-Tremblant, Parc national du, 46°26'N 74°21'W; UdeM 108]. S[ain]te Anne de Bellevue [Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, 45°24'N 73°56'W; LEM]. Shawbridge [45°52'17"N 74°04'45"W; LEM].

SK: T = 1 (♀). FIRST RECORD: 1♀, Fort Qu’Appelle, 21.vi.1977 (R. Hooper) [SMNH]. FLIGHT PERIOD: June 21 (1977; Fort Qu’Appelle). LOCALITIES: Fort Qu’Appelle [50°46'N 103°48'W; SMNH].

Chrysopa quadripunctata has been reported from British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and eastern Canada; now also Manitoba. 109 Canadian localities in literature for which no specimen has been seen, are: ON: St. Martin’s Falls, 110 Albany River, Hudson Bay (Walker 1853), 111 and Vineland (Garlick 1955). All specimens reported here are documented with data in Garland (1982 [1984]), or as new records (above). Based on label data, adults have been taken at light, and in Malaise trap. The labels are silent, however, about the habitat; nevertheless, all areas of Canada where this species has been authenticated have naturally occurring Quercus species (Farrar 1985), including the Qu’Appelle Valley in eastern Saskatchewan. 112 Oak may not extend as far north as Martin Falls ON, but the literature record from there still merits consideration. This species was once thought to occur only on or near oak trees (Banks 1903; Smith 1922). It can be distinguished from Chrysopa slossonae Banks, a similar-appearing species, by the forewing costal area, which at its widest is as wide as the radial area (Banks 1924), i.e., the costal cells are three times as long as wide (Penny et al. 2000). Recent study suggests that C. quadripunctata is a generalist predator on a variety of annual plants, trees and shrubs, including oak, hickory, apple, elm, rose and sorghum, and its broad range of prey includes various species of aphids and other soft-bodied insects that may or may not be tended by ants, in contrast to C. slossonae, which feeds only on the woolly alder aphid 113 (Tauber et al. 1995, and references therein). Biology and immature stages of C. quadripunctata have been studied in California (Toschi 1965), and from diverse locations in the USA (Tauber et al. 1995; Albuquerque et al. 1997).