Gryphus vitreus
Description
Gryphus vitreus (Born, 1778)
Figures 13, 14
Anomia vitrea Born, 1778, p. 104.
non Anomia vitrea – Chemnitz (1785), pl. 78, figs. 707 and 709 [= Dallina septigera].
Terebratula vitrea – Lamarck (1801), p. 139.
Gryphus vitreus – Megerle von Mühlfeld (1811), p. 64.
Liothyris vitrea – Douvillé (1879), p. 265, fig. 6.
Terebratula (Liothyris) vitrea – Deslongchamps (1884), p. 190 –195, pl. 5, figs. 8–12.
Terebratula (Liothyrina) vitrea – OEhlert (1887), p. 1316, fig. 1104 Description: Shell moderately to strongly inflated ventribiconvex. Outline elongate egg-shaped to subpentagonal. Rectimarginate to broadly uniplicate anterior commissure; shiny and smooth without ornamentation. Shell matrix densely endopunctate, greatly thickened and heavy posteriorly. Colour white to light grey or yellowish. Ventral umbo short and curled greatly towards dorsal valve. Deltidial plates unite and partly fuse together, forming a symphytium and confining an egg-shaped, variably-sized foramen. Pedicle collar thick. Hinge teeth without dental plates. Vascula media of mantle canal system strongly impressed on valve floor and usually visible on valve exterior as two straight, diverging, whitish lines on both dorsal and ventral valves. Cardinal process small and transverse. Short, poorly developed dorsal median ridge reaching slightly anterior of 1/3 valve length and forked at the very front (usually visible through the shell). Short brachial loop about 1/4 valve length. Dorsal muscle scars reaching to about 1/5–2/7 valve length. Maximum length 40 mm.
Depth range: 73–2663 m depth (Jeffreys 1878; Dall 1920).
Temperature range: 4.6–13.6˚C (Jeffreys 1878; Allmen et al. 2010).
Salinity range: 38.1–38.5 (Allmen et al. 2010).
Current velocity: 25–100 cm /s (Emig 1987; Emig & García-Carrascosa 1991).
Substrate: Rock, gravel, artificial substrates and shells (Fischer & OEhlert 1891; Logan 1979; Allmen et al. 2010; Toma et al. 2022).
Geography: Southern margin of the Celtic Sea, Bay of Biscay, Portugal, the Mediterranean, off North Africa, Cape Verde (Fischer & OEhlert 1891; Logan 1979; Brunton & Curry 1979; Zezina 2014).
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Scientific name authorship
- Born
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Brachiopoda
- Order
- Terebratulida
- Family
- Terebratulidae
- Genus
- Gryphus
- Species
- vitreus
- Taxon rank
- species
- Taxonomic concept label
- Gryphus vitreus (Born, 1778) sec. Hansen, 2024
References
- Born I. 1778. Index rerum naturalium Musei Caesarei vindobonensis, pars 1. Testacea. Verseichnis der naturlichen seltenheiten des s. s. Naturalien Cabinets zu Wien. Erster Teil, schalthiere. pp 458. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43890#page/7/mode/1up
- Chemnitz JH. 1785. Neues Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet 8. Nurnberg, Gabriel Nicholaus Raspe. XVI, 372 p, pl 70-102. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/239298#page/120/mode/1up
- Lamarck JB. 1801. Systeme des animaux sans vertebres, ou tableau general des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux; Presentant leurs caracteres essentiels et leur distribution, d'apres la consideration de leurs rapports naturels et de leur organisation, et suivant l'arrangement etabli dans les galeries du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, parmi leurs depouilles conservees; Precede du discours d'ouverture du Cours de Zoologie, donne dans le Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle l'an 8 de la Republique. Paris, Published by the author and Deterville. viii, 432 pp. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49776#page/7/mode/1up
- Megerle von Muhlfeld JK. 1811. Entwurf eines neuen System's der Schalthiergehause. Der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin Magazin fur die neuesten Entdeckungen in der gesammten Naturkunde. Funfter Jahrgang. 38-72. https://books.google.es/books?id=JicVAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=es&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
- Douville H. 1879. Note sur quelques genres de Brachiopodes (Terebratulidae et Waldheimiidae). Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France (series 3) 7: 251-277, figs 1 - 19. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/241126#page/277/mode/1up
- Deslongchamps E. 1884. Notes sur les modifications a apporter a la classification des Terebratulidae. Bulletin de la Societe Linneenne de Normandie (series 3) 8: 161-297, pls 1 - 7. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37525#page/162/mode/1up
- OEhlert DP. 1887. Appendice: Brachiopodes; notions sur l'anatomie et la physiologie des brachiopodes. In: P. H. Fischer, ed., Manuel de Conchyliologie et de Paleontologie conchyliologique ou histoire naturelle des Mollusques vivants et fossiles, part 11. Paris, F. Savy. pp 1189 - 1334, pl. 15. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47340#page/1452/mode/1up
- Jeffreys JG. 1878. On the Mollusca procured during the ' Lightning' and ' Porcupine' expeditions, 1868 - 70. (part 1). Proceedings of the scientific meetings of the zoological society of London for the year 1878. London. pp 393 - 416, pls 22-23. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28511629#page/481/mode/1up
- Dall WH. 1920. Annotated list of the Recent Brachiopoda in the collection of the United States National Museum, with descriptions of the thirdty-three new forms. Proceedings U. S. National Museum 57 (2314): 261-377. https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/proceedingsofuni571921unit
- Allmen K von, Nagler TF, Pettke T, Hippler D, Griesshaber E, Logan A, Eisenhauer A, Samankassou E. 2010. Stable isotope profiles (Ca, O, C) through modern brachiopod shells of T. septentrionalis and G. vitreus: implications for calcium isotope paleo-ocean chemistry. Chemical Geology 269: 210-219. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.09.019
- Emig CC. 1987. Offshore brachiopods investigated by submersible. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 108: 261-273.
- Emig CC, Garcia-Carrascosa MA. 1991. Distribution of Gryphus vitreus (Born, 1778) (Brachiopoda) on transect P 2 (Continental margin, French Mediterranean coast) investigated by submersible. Scientia Marina 55: 385-388. http://paleopolis.rediris.es/Phoronida/EMIG/REPRINTS/139.pdf
- Fischer P, OEhlert D-P. 1891. Brachiopodes. In: Milne-Edwards A (ed.). Expeditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman pendant les annees 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883. Paris, Masson. 139 p., 15 figs, 8 pls. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176961#page/9/mode/1up
- Logan, A. 1979. The Recent Brachiopoda of the Mediterranean Sea. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique, Monaco 72: 1-112.
- Toma M, Enrichetti F, Bavestrello G, Canese S, Cau A, Andaloro F, Angiolillo M, Greco S, Bo M. 2022. Brachiopod Fauna from the Deep Mediterranean Sea: Distribution Patterns and Ecological Preferences. Diversity 14 (753): 1-22. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/d14090753
- Brunton CHC, Curry GB. 1979. British brachiopods: keys and notes for the identification of the species. Synopses of the British Fauna, new series, 17: 1-64.
- Zezina ON. 2014. Deep-sea fauna of European seas: an annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Brachiopoda. Invertebrate Zoology 11 (1): 83-88.