Preserving Cultural Heritage with 3D Scanning Technologies: An Overview of Methods, Their Applications and Comparative Evaluation

The preservation of cultural heritage using computer technologies is becoming a comprehensive discipline to study. 3D scanning technology, in particular, introduces non-contact preservation methods, namely photogrammetry, structured light, laser triangulation, computed tomography, and LiDAR, allowing documentation of delicate artifacts. Each 3D scanning method includes its own principles, case studies, and comparative efficiency in terms of accuracy, speed, portability, and applicability to natural materials. For virtual or physical replication of 3D scanned artifacts, the multimodal pipeline includes the optimal production of virtual museums or tangible replicas. This study provides an extensive overview of 3D scanning techniques for advanced methods of preserving cultural heritage, enhancing digital representation and promoting cultural globalization. This work is important for preserving cultural artifacts from potential loss, highlighting the value of digital technologies in cultural preservation.