The Orbital Conveyor Belt: A Framework for Propellantless Mass Transfer in Space

We propose a novel method for propellantless orbital transfer using coordinated mass exchanges between satellites. Grounded in momentum conservation and inspired by network logistics, this approach envisions a distributed architecture where satellites pass payloads between orbits via timed kinetic interactions. Unlike traditional propulsion-based maneuvers, this system leverages the relative motion of orbiting nodes to exchange energy and momentum, enabling gradual orbit climbing and controlled cargo routing without propellant expenditure. This concept diverges from tethered momentum exchange or static structures like space elevators by utilizing scalable, unconnected satellites executing precision mass transfers. Through analytical treatment and design proposals, we outline the fundamental mechanics of the system and explore its potential applications, from cargo transport to asteroid mining, highlighting its compatibility with emerging technologies such as electric actuators, solar sails, and AI-guided orbital choreography. The result is a vision of an orbital logistics network that becomes more capable as it grows, turning Newton’s third law from a constraint into an infrastructure principle.