Global Crisis Management in the Banking Sector: The Role of Central Banks in Emergency Liquidity Assistance

This study discusses the Emergency Liquidity Assistance ELA as a central means of ensuring financial stability and overcoming systemic risks during periods of economic distress. By providing a parallel interpretation of the emergency liquidity contribution frameworks implemented by major central banks around the world—including the GCC, MENA, Eurozone, Federal Reserve, Australia (RBA), , and the United States. The paper aims to identify the greatest variations and actions in liquidity support techniques as well as its operational frameworks, eligibility criteria, risk mitigation strategies, and governance rules that underpin emergency liquidity contribution decisions. The focus is on the necessity of providing liquidity during the appropriate and planned period, specifically by reducing financial distress and stabilizing unstable banking institutions. In addition, the study discusses the broader economic implications of emergency liquidity contributions, focusing on how these same measures affect investor credibility, interbank borrowing dynamics, and overall market ease. By combining case studies, empirical data, and information, the statement provides excellent insights into the impact and challenges of emergency liquidity contributions across multiple economic contexts. The findings provide practical recommendations for academics, policymakers, and bankers to improve and strengthen emergency liquidity contributions frameworks and enhance the adaptability and resilience of global financial systems. Finally, the statement attempts to contribute to the current conversation about crisis management and its function through economic stability in a highly interconnected financial landscape