OBSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF CONTAGIOUS ECTHYMA (ORF) IN A GOAT HERD IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA: A CASE REPORT.

Background and Objective: Contagious ecthyma (Orf) is a highly contagious zoonotic skin disease affecting sheep and goats, occurring sporadically across Nigeria. Despite its prevalence, reports on field-level outbreak management are limited. This case report documents the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of Orf in a herd of West African Dwarf goats, highlighting the importance of prompt intervention and the potential risks associated with viral mutation and cross-species transmission. Materials and Methods: A herd of eight West African Dwarf goats in Abia State, Nigeria, presented with characteristic proliferative lesions on the oral commissure, nasal area, periorbital region, and head. Three affected animals were examined; body scores were fair, and vital signs remained within normal limits. Scab samples were collected for bacterial culture and sensitivity. Isolates of Citrobacter and Staphylococcus aureus were obtained, both sensitive to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. Treatment included gentamicin (5 mg kg-1 for 5 days) and ivermectin (0.04 mg kg-1, repeated after one week). Supportive care and management improvements were also administered. Results: Two of the three severely affected goats succumbed to the disease, while the remaining animals recovered with treatment. Culture and sensitivity confirmed secondary bacterial infection. The lesions and clinical signs were consistent with Orf, affirming the diagnosis. The case emphasizes the severity and common occurrence of Orf in susceptible goats. Conclusion: The case underscores the need for heightened awareness and early intervention in suspected Orf outbreaks. Given the potential for virus strain mutations and expanding host range, there is an urgent need to establish preventive measures and consider vaccine development to mitigate future outbreaks.