Identification key to Brazilian Charinus species (update from de Souza et al., 2024)

1. Lateral eyes developed (e.g. Fig. 4)....................................................................... 2

- Lateral eyes reduced (e.g. Fig.10A from Giupponi & Miranda, 2016)............................................ 7

2. Patella of the pedipalp with three dorsal spines.............................................................. 3

- Patella of the pedipalp with four or more dorsal spines....................................................... 23

3. Patella of the pedipalp with two ventral spines.............................................................. 4

- Patella of the pedipalp with three ventral spines............................................................. 5

4. Median eyes present................................................................................... 6

- Median eyes absent................................................................................... 18

5. Distitibia IV with 16 trichobothria; femur of the pedipalp with four or five dorsal and four or five ventral spines................................................................................................... C. diamantinus

- Distitibia IV with 18 trichobothria; femur of the pedipalp with three dorsal and three ventral spines............. C. acaraje

6. Basitibia of leg IV divided in two pseudo-articles................................................... C. brescoviti

- Basitibia of leg IV divided in four pseudo-articles........................................................... 17

7. Distitibia IV with 16 trichobothria (e.g. Fig.3A from Giupponi & Miranda, 2016).................................. 8

- Distitibia IV with 18 trichobothria (e.g. Fig.17).............................................................. 9

8. Claw on the cheliceral with four denticles................................................................. 10

- Claw on the cheliceral with five or more denticles.......................................................... 11

9. Median eyes present; eight setae on the anterior margin of the carapace; femur of the pedipalp with four or five dorsal and five ventral spines............................................................................... C. caatingae

- Median eyes absent; ten setae on the anterior margin of the carapace; femur of the pedipalp with three dorsal and three ventral spines..................................................................................... C. eleonorae

10. Median eyes present; three pseudo-articles of the basitibia IV......................................... C. orientalis

- Median eyes absent; two pseudo-articles of the basitibia IV............................................ C. bonaldoi

11. Basitibia of leg IV divided in two pseudo-articles........................................................... 12

- Basitibia of leg IV divided in three or four pseudo-articles.................................................... 13

12. Femur of the pedipalp with four ventral spines...................................................... C. ricardoi

- Femur of the pedipalp with three ventral spines................................................... C. monasticus

13. Basitibia IV with three pseudo-articles................................................................... 14

- Basitibia IV with four pseudo-articles.................................................................... 15

14. Tibia of leg I with 21 articles and tarsus I with 37 articles; median eyes absent; claw on the cheliceral with seven denticles; tritosternum reduced (Fig.10C from Giupponi & Miranda, 2016)......................................... C. ferreus

- Tibia of leg I with 23 articles and tarsus I with 42 articles; median eyes present; claw on the cheliceral with six denticles; tritosternum short (Fig.8C from Giupponi & Miranda, 2016)............................................ C. carajas

15. Median eyes present and reduced (e.g. Fig.2-3 from Vasconcelos & Ferreira, 2017)................................ 16

- Median eyes absent; patella of the pedipalp with three dorsal and two ventral spines; claw on the cheliceral with ten denticles.......................................................................................... C. troglobius

16. Median ocular tubercle present but reduced; median eyes reduced exhibiting dark pigmentation; pedipalp patella with six or seven dorsal spines and Pd-IV two-thirds length of Pd-III............................................... C. taboa

- Median ocular tubercle absent; median eyes reduced unpigmented; pedipalp patella with five or six dorsal spines and Pd-IV one-fifth length of Pd-III....................................................................... C. spelaeus

17. Femur of the pedipalp with four ventral spines; distitibia IV with 16 trichobothria; claw on the cheliceral with four or five denticles........................................................................................ C. una

- Femur of the pedipalp with five or more ventral spines; distitibia IV with 18 trichobothria; claw on the cheliceral with more than six denticles.................................................................................... 44

18. Bifid tooth with dorsal cusp larger than ventral cusp (1a>b).................................................. 19

- Bifid tooth with ventral cusp larger than dorsal cusp (1a<b)......................................... C. bichuetteae

19. Sucker-like female gonopods (e.g. Fig.55A from Miranda et al., 2021).................................. C. carvalhoi

- Cushion-like female gonopods (e.g. Fig.70A from Miranda et al., 2021)......................................... 20

20. Base of female gonopod sclerotized...................................................................... 21

- Base of female gonopod unsclerotized.................................................................... 22

21. Femur of the pedipalp with three dorsal and three ventral spines........................................ C. vulgaris

- Femur of the pedipalp with four dorsal and four ventral spines........................................ C. perquerens

22. Pedipalp tarsus with two dorsal spines, small basal spine, one-quarter length of distal spine; basal trichobothria, bf, bc and sbf equidistant; Tibia of leg I with 21 articles............................................................. C. guto

- Pedipalp tarsus with two dorsal spines, proximal spine one-third length of distal spine; distitibia trichobothrium bc situated closer to sbf than to bf; the number of articles in the tarsus can vary from 36 to 38........................ C. magalhaesi

23. Patella of the pedipalp with four dorsal spines.............................................................. 24

- Patella of the pedipalp with five or more dorsal spines....................................................... 27

24. Femur of the pedipalp with four dorsal and three or four ventral spines.......................................... 25

- Femur of the pedipalp with five dorsal and five ventral spines........................................... C. carioca

25. Cheliceral claw with eight denticles; femur of the pedipalp with three ventral spines; distitibia IV with 14 trichobothria.............................................................................................. C. alagoanus

- Cheliceral claw with ten or eleven denticles; femur of the pedipalp with four ventral spines; distitibia IV with 18 trichobothria .................................................................................................. 26

26. Frontal process triangular, clearly visible in dorsal view; cheliceral claw with ten denticles............... C. tocantinensis

- Frontal process subtriangular, not visible in dorsal view; cheliceral claw with eleven denticles............... C. imperialis

27. Pedipalp femur with three ventral spines.......................................................... C. montanus

- Pedipalp femur with more than three ventral spines......................................................... 28

28. Patella of the pedipalp with five dorsal and three ventral spines................................................ 29

- Patella of the pedipalp with different number of dorsal and ventral spines........................................ 32

29. Patella of the pedipalp with five dorsal and three ventral spines; tritosternum projects anteriorly, tetra- and pentasternum display small platelets, each adorned with an arrow on both sides.............................................. C. schirchii

- Patella of the pedipalp with five dorsal and three ventral spines; tritosternum projects anteriorly, tetra- and pentasternum forming single convex platelet (e.g. Fig.44B from Miranda et al., 2021)......................................... 30

30. Distitibia of leg IV with 16 trichobothria; tibia and tarsus of leg I can vary between 23 to 31 and 41 to 44 respectively............................................................................................... C. brasilianus

- Distitibia of leg IV with 18 trichobothria; tibia and tarsus of leg I with 23 and 41 articles respectively................. 31

31. Cheliceral claw with eight denticles; pedipalp femur with four dorsal and four ventral spines.................. C. renneri

- Cheliceral claw with ten or eleven denticles; pedipalp femur with three or four dorsal and four or five ventral spines... C. iuiu

32. Distitibia IV with 16 trichobothria....................................................................... 33

- Distitibia IV with 18 trichobothria....................................................................... 34

33. Cheliceral claw with seven denticles............................................................ C. sooretama

- Cheliceral claw with nine denticles................................................................. C. souzai

34. Cheliceral claw with up to nine denticles.................................................................. 35

- Cheliceral claw with ten or more denticles................................................................ 39

35. Femur of the pedipalp with six ventral spines....................................................... C. mysticus

- Femur of the pedipalp with four or five ventral spines....................................................... 36

36. Patella of the pedipalp with five dorsal spines; cheliceral claw with nine denticles................................. 37

- Patella of the pedipalp with six or seven dorsal spines; cheliceral claw with eight denticles.......................... 38

37. Patella of the pedipalp with four ventral spines..................................................... C. cearensis

- Patella of the pedipalp with five ventral spines...................................................... C. euclidesi

38. Trichobothria positioned medially on the last pseudo-article of the basitibia of leg IV....................... C. asturius

- Trichobothria positioned proximally on the last pseudo-article of the basitibia of leg IV................... C. santanensis

39. Carapace anterior margin with six setae (e.g. Fig. 4)......................................................... 40

- Carapace anterior margin with eight setae (Fig.47C from Miranda et al., 2021)............................. C. apiaca

40. Cheliceral claw with 10 to 12 denticles; patella of the pedipalp with up to five ventral spines........................ 41

- Cheliceral claw with 13 denticles; patella of the pedipalp with six ventral spines............................ C. carinae

41. Patella of the pedipalp with five dorsal spines....................................................... C. jibaossu

- Patella of the pedipalp with six dorsal spines............................................................... 42

42. Femur of the pedipalp with four dorsal spines; cheliceral claw with 11 denticles............................... C. puri

- Femur of the pedipalp with five or six dorsal spines; cheliceral claw with 10 denticles.............................. 43

43. Pedipalp coxa, rounded dorsal carina containing five setae; pedipalp patella with four or five ventral spines....... C. ruschii

- Pedipalp coxa, rounded dorsal carina containing seven setae; pedipalp patella with three or four ventral spines.... C. goitaca

44. Femur of the pedipalp with five ventral spines; median eyes poorly developed, situated on a flattened tubercle (Fig. 2 from Vasconcelos et al., 2013)....................................................................... C. potiguar

- Femur of the pedipalp with five or six ventral spines; The median eyes are prominent, positioned on a well-developed median ocular tubercle (Fig.5)................................................................. C. giganteus sp. nov.