Exchange of greenhouse gases between biosphere and atmosphere

The concentrations and fluxes of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the land-atmosphere system are controlled by complex interactions between emissions, turbulent transfer, dry deposition and chemical transformations. The forest canopy can significantly affect turbulent fluxes between the atmosphere, the canopy crown and the understory where most of the sinks or sources of mass and energy are located. Exchange processes depend on canopy homogeneity and isotropy, as well as morphological, aerodynamic and thermal characteristics. Therefore, it is anticipated that the forest canopy structure will play a significant role in the exchange of GHG species.