Published June 14, 2025
| Version v1
Journal article
Open
True Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Collected in an Oil-Bearing Rose Agrocenosis in the Kazanlak Valley, Bulgaria
Authors/Creators
Description
Stoianova, Desislava, Karakicheva, Tania, Lozanova, Lyudmila (2025): True Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Collected in an Oil-Bearing Rose Agrocenosis in the Kazanlak Valley, Bulgaria. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 77 (2): 231-241, DOI: 10.71424/azb77.2.002847, URL: https://doi.org/10.71424/azb77.2.002847
Files
source.pdf
Files
(918.4 kB)
| Name | Size | Download all |
|---|---|---|
|
md5:36eb97934bf896fd4f482edd2acc8902
|
918.4 kB | Preview Download |
Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
- LSID
- urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:FFEBFF93FFF8FFFD4F48FFDDFFCC8902
References
- Ahmad S. N. & Kamarudin N. 2011. Pheromone trapping in controlling key insect pests: progress and prospects. Oil Palm Bulletin 62: 12-24.
- Ali A. Y. 2021. Contribution to Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha) fauna of Tartous with a new record for Syria. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 7 (4): 365-374.
- Andreev R. 2002-2018. Agricultural Entomology for All. Computer reference book (at CD) Agricultural University Plovdiv. (In Bulgarian).
- Allison J. D., Bhandari B. D., McKenney J. L. & Millar J. G. 2014. Design factors that influence the performance of flight intercept traps for the capture of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from the subfamilies Lamiinae and Cerambycinae. PLoS One 9 (3): e93203.
- Atakan E., Pehlivan S. & Satar S. 2016. Response of some beneficial insect species to coloured sticky traps in citrus. Turkish Journal of Entomology 40 (4): 385-396. (In Turkish with English summary).
- Atanasov N., Mirkova E., Dikova B., Baeva G., Trenchev G., Marinova M., Angelova D., Dzhurmanski A., Lambev H. & Pavlova D. 2008. A guide for Integrated Pest Management oil-bearing rose, mint, lavender and coriander. Sofia: National Plant Protection Service https://www.mzh. government.bg/ (In Bulgarian).
- Aukema B., Bruer J. & Visken G. 2007. Nieuwe en zeldzame Belgische wantsen 11 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Bulletin Societe royale belge d'Entomologie Koninklijke Belgische Vereniging voor Entomologie 143: 83-91.
- Balevski N., Simova S. & Draganova S. 2008. Biodiversity of beneficial organisms (entomopatogens, predators and parasitoids) in the biocoenoses of oil-bearing rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) in Bulgaria.Agricultural Academy, Plant Science 45: 115-122.
- Bolu H. 2020. Southeastern Anatolia Region Insect Fauna II (Order Hemiptera I: Suborder Heteroptera III: Pentatomoidea) of Turkey. Journal of the Heteroptera of Turkey 2 (2): 81-101.
- Buresh I. & Lazarov A. 1956. Pest insects for agriculture and forestry in Bulgaria. Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Science. 291 pp. (In Bulgarian).
- Caissard J. C., Adrar I., Conart C., Paramita S. N. & Baudino S. 2023. Do we really know the scent of roses? Botany Letters 170 (1): 77-88.
- Chalova V. I., Manolov I. G. & Manolova V. S. 2017.Challenges for commercial organic production of oil-bearing rose in Bulgaria. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture 33 (3): 183-194. https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2017.1315613
- De Caceres M. D. & Legendre P. 2009. Associations between species and groups of sites: indices and statistical inference. Ecology 90 (12): 3566-3574. https://doi.org/ 10.1890/08- 1823.1
- Dervisevic M., Drobnjakovic T. & Graora D. 2024.The predators attacking soft scales (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) in Serbia. European Journal of Entomology 121: 252- 259. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2024.026.
- DiMeglio A. S., Kuhar T. P. & Weber D. C. 2017. Colour preference of harlequin bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of economic entomology 110 (5): 2275-2277. https://doi. org/10.1093/jee/tox179
- Dufrene M. & Legendre P. 1997. Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecological monographs 67 (3): 345-366.
- Fent M. & Okyar Z. 2022. Heteroptera (Hemiptera) species visiting Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. in Edirne (Turkiye). Journal of the Heteroptera of Turkey 4 (2): 169-183. https:// doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7358960
- Grozea I., Molnar L., Carabet A., Stef R., Butnariu M., Damianov S., Grozea A. & Virteiu A. M. 2023. Updated host plan range for phytophagous insect Coreus marginatus (Hemiptera: Coreidae) in Romania. Research Journal of Agricultural Science 55 (1): 91-97. (https://www.rjas.ro/ paper_detail/3833)
- Gueorguiev B. & Ljubomirov T. 2009. Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta) from Bulgarian Section of Maleshevska Planina Mountain: Study of an Until Recently Unknown Biodiversity. Acta Zoologica bulgarica 61 (3): 235-276.
- Hammer O. & Harper D. A. 2001. Past: paleontological statistics software package for educaton and data analysis. Palaeontologia electronica 4 (1): 1. http://palaeo-electronica. org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm
- Harizanov A., Harizanova V. & Stoeva A. 2010. Biological plant protection. Sofia: Dionis. 196 p. (In Bulgarian).
- Hemala V. & Kment P. 2017. First record of Halyomorpha halys and mass occurrence of Nezara viridula in Slovakia. Plant Protection Science 53: 247-253. https://doi.org/ 10.17221/166/2016-PPS
- Herodotus [ca 430 BC] The Histories, VIII, 138. In: Godley A.D. (Ed. with an English translation):Herodotus. The Histories. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1920
- Hokkanen H. 1986. Polymorphism, parasites, and the native area of Nezara viridula (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae). Annales Entomologici Fennici 52: 28-31.
- Holopainen J. K., Raiskio S. & Wulff A. 2001. Blue sticky traps are more efficient for the monitoring of L ygus rugulipennis (Heteroptera: Miridae) than yellow sticky traps. Agricultural and Food Science 10 (3): 277-284. https:// doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5698
- Hristozova M. & Harizanova A. 2022. Laboratory study of the lifecycle parameters of the brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys Stal.) - an alien pest established in Bulgaria. Agricultural Sciences 14 (32): 23-30.
- Hristozova M. V. & Harizanova V. B. 2024 Parasitoids of the invasive Halyomorpha halys (heteroptera: pentatomidae) in Bulgaria and the rate of parasitism at field conditions. Agricultural University - Plovdiv, Agricultural Sciences 16 (43): 70-76. https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2024.43.007
- Ilieva T. & Karova A. 2023. Implementation of methods for monitoring and control of enemies in agriculture. New knowledge Journal of science 12 (2): 58-66. (In Bulgarian, English Summary).
- Imrei Z., Lohonyai Z., Csoka G., Muskovits J., Szanyi S., Vetek G., Fail J., Toth M. & Domingue M. J. 2020a. Improving trapping methods for buprestid beetles to enhance monitoring of native and invasive species. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 93 (2): 254-264. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpz071
- Imrei Z., Lohonyai Z., Muskovits J., Matula E., Vuts J., Fail J., Gould P. J. L, Birkett M. A., Toth M. & Domingue M. J. 2020b. Developing a non-sticky trap design for monitoring jewel beetles. Journal of Applied Entomology 144 (3): 224-231. https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.12727
- Jones W. A. 1988. World review of the parasitoids of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula L. (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 81 (2): 262-273. https://doi.org/10.1093/ aesa/81.2.262
- Joseph S. V. 2014. Effect of trap colour on captures of bagrada bug, Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of Entomological Science 49 (3): 318-321.
- Josifov M. 1981. Fauna Bulgarica 12. Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea. Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. 205 p. (In Bulgarian).
- Josifov M. 1986.Verzeichnis der von der Balcanhalbinsel bekannten Heteropterenarten (Insecta, Heteroptera).Faunistische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden 14 (6): 61-93.
- Josifov M. 1999. Heteropterous insects in the Sandanski-Petrich Kettle, Southwestern Bulgaria. Historia naturalis bulgarica 10: 35-66.
- Kalushkov P. & Dimova V. 1997. Colour tropism of scarabaeid beetles. Acta Entomologica Bulgarica 3-4: 30-32. (In Bulgarian, English summary).
- Kenzhegaliyev A. M., Esenbekova P. A., Zhaksybayev M. B. 2021. Materials for the fauna of Lygaeidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) of South-Eastern Kazakhstan. Reports of the National Academy of sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2 (336): 26-34. https://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518- 1483.26
- Kerzhner I. M. & Yachevsky T. L. 1964. Order Heteroptera (Hemiptera). Key to the insects of the European part of the USSR. Vol. 1. Moscow-Leningrad: Publishing house "Science", pp. 655-845. (In Russian).
- Kim J., Cassis G. & Jung S. 2023. Phylogenetic analysis of the predatory plant bug subfamily Deraeocorinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) based on molecular and morphological data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197 (1): 246-266. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac061
- Kment P. & Banar P. 2012. True bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of the Bile Karpaty Protected Landscape Area and Biosphere Reserve (Czech Republic).Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae Biologicae 96 (2): 323-628.
- Kolak G. 2015. Nowe stanowisko Tritomegas sexmaculatus (Rambur, 1839) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae) na Gornym Slasku. Acta entomologica silesiana 23: 1-5.
- Kovacheva N., Rusanov K. & Atanassov I. 2010. Industrial cultivation of oil bearing rose and rose oil production in Bulgaria during 21st century, directions and challenges. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 24 (2): 1793-1798. https://doi.org/10.2478/V10133-010-0032-4
- Kriticos D. J., Kean J. M., Phillips C. B., Senay S. D., Acosta H. & Haye T. 2017. The potential global distribution of the brown marmorated stink bug,Halyomorpha halys, a critical threat to plant biosecurity. Journal of Pest Science 90 (4): 1025-1034. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-017-0869-5
- Langourov M. 2001. Faunistic, ecological and zoogeographic studies of the family Phoridae (Diptera, Brachycera) from Vitosha Mountain. Unpublished PhD thesis. Institute of Zoology, Sofia, 1-171. (In Bulgarian).
- Langourov M. & Simov N. 2006. Study on the biodiversity of model groups animals in communities of Quercus coccifera L. Historia naturalis bulgarica 17: 166. (In Bulgarian).
- Lapeva-Gjonova A. & Ljubomirov T. 2020. First Records of Two StrumigenysAnt Species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Bulgaria. Sociobiology 67 (2): 326-329. https://doi.org/ 10.13102/sociobiology.v67i2.4963
- Leafminers and plant galls of Europe - digital database. Last Modified 2025. Available online https://bladmineerders. nl/ (accessed on 24 January 2025).
- Leskey T. C., Wright S. E., Short B. D. & Khrimian A. 2012. Development of behaviorally-based monitoring tools for the brown marmorated stink bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in commercial tree fruit orchards. Journal of Entomological Science 47 (1): 76-85.
- Lindgren B. S. 1983. A multiple funnel trap for scolytid beetles (Coleoptera). The Canadian Entomologist 115 (3): 299- 302. https://doi.org/10.4039/ Ent115299-3
- Lis J.A. 1999. Burrower bugs of the old world - a catalogue (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Genus 10 (2): 165-249.
- Maistrello L. 2024. Case Study 2: Halyomorpha halys (Stal) in Europe. In: Bueno, A.F., Panizzi, A. R. (Eds.): Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Research and Management. Entomology in Focus, vol. 9. Springer Cham, pp. 315-332. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69742-5_15
- Maistrello L., Dioli P., Dutto M., Volani S., Pasquali S. & Gilioli G. 2018. Tracking the spread of sneaking aliens by integrating crowdsourcing and spatial modeling: The Italian invasion of Halyomorpha halys. BioScience 68 (12): 937- 948. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biy123
- Maistrello L., Mazzoli G., Dioli P., Giorgi M. & Gilioli G. 2017. Monitoring of the invasive Halyomorpha halys, a new key pest of fruit orchards in northern Italy. Journal of Pest Science 90 (4): 1237-1244. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10340-017-0896-2
- Malenovsky I., Banar P. & Kment P. 2011. A contribution to the faunistics of the Hemiptera (Cicadomorpha, Fulgoromorpha, Heteroptera, and Psylloidea) associated with dry grassland sites in southern Moravia (Czech Republic).Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae Biologicae, 96 (1): 41-187.
- Marcu V. & Grozea I. 2020. Analysis of different host plants and identifying non-polluting bioinsecticide strategies to control the invasive pest Nezara viridula. Biotechnology Letters 25 (4): 1877-1885. https://doi.org/10.25083/ rbl/25.4/1877.1885
- Margina A., Lecheva I., Craker L. & Zheljazkov V. D. 1999. Diseases and pests on Bulgarian oil-bearing rose (Rosa kazanklika V.T. = Rosa damascena Mill. var. kazanlika). Acta Horticulturae 502: 237-242. https://doi.org/10.17660/ ActaHortic.1999.502.38
- McCravy K. W. 2018. A review of sampling and monitoring methods for beneficial arthropods in agroecosystems. Insects 9 (4): 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects9040170
- Morrison III W. R., Milonas P., Kapantaidaki D. E., Cesari M., Di Bella E., Guidetti R., Haye T., Maistrello L., Moraglio S. T., Piemontese L., Pozzebon A., Ruocco G., Short B. D., Tavella L., Vetek G. & Leskey T. C. 2017. Attraction of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) haplotypes in North America and Europe to baited traps. Scientific Reports 7: e16941. https://doi.org/10.1038/ s41598-017-17243-y.
- Nikolova V. 1967. Entomocaenological and biological studies in Rosa damascena Mill. plantations. I. Lepidoptera. Bulletin de L'institut de Zoologie et Musee 24: 101-128. (In Bulgarian).
- Nikolova V. 1969a. Entomocaenological and biological studies in Rosa damascena Mill. plantations. III. Homoptera. Bulletin de L'institut de Zoologie et Musee 30: 107-135. (In Bulgarian).
- Nikolova W. 1969b. Zonologische untersuchungen in pflanzungen von Rosa damascena Mill. Sofia: Verlag Der Buigarischen Akademie Der Wissenschaften. 171 p. (In Bulgarian, with German and Russian summaries).
- Nikolova V. 1972. Entomocaenological and biological studies in Rosa damascena Mill. plantations. IV. Hymenoptera and Diptera. Bulletin de L'institut de Zoologie et Musee 30: 107-135. (In Bulgarian).
- Nikolova V. & Natskova V. 1965. The hazel whitefly Asterobemisia avellanae (Signoret, 1868) (Homopt., Aleyrodinea) - a new host of oil-bearing rose. Rastenievadni Nauki 2: 129-139. (In Bulgarian).
- Nikolova V. & Natskova V. 1968. On the ecology of Agrilus cuprescens Men. ( = A., communis mokrzeckii Obenb. = A. mokrzeckii Obenb.)(Coleoptera, Buprestidae). Rastenievadni Nauki 5 (4): 119-125. (In Bulgarian).
- Pajac Beus M., Lemic D., Skendzic S., Cirjak D. & Pajac Zivkovic I. 2024. The brown marmorated stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) - A major challenge for global plant production.Agriculture 14 (8): 1322. https://doi.org/10.3390/ agriculture14081322.
- Pavlova A. 2020. New and rare fungus gnats for the fauna of Bulgaria (Diptera: Nematocera: Mycetophilidae). Historia naturalis bulgarica 41: 27-31.
- Pericart J. 1998. Faune de France 84a. Hemipteres Lygaeidae euro-mediterraneens. Vol. 1. Generalites Systematique: premiere partie. Paris, France: Federation Francaise des Societes de Sciences Naturelles. 491 p.
- Perkovich C. L., Addesso K. M., Basham J. P., Fare D. C., Youssef N. N. & Oliver J. B. 2022. Effects of colour attributes on trap capture rates of Chrysobothris femorata (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and related species. Environmental Entomology 51 (4): 737-746.
- Petrice T. R., Poland T. M., Bauer L. S., Strazanac J. S., Duan J. J., Schmude J. M. & Ravlin F. W. 2023. Factors affecting yellow pan trap captures of the emerald ash borer biocontrol agents Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Spathius galinae Belokobylskij & Strazanac (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): implications for monitoring establishment and seasonal abundance. Biological Control 184: 105272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. biocontrol.2023.105272
- Pezzini D. T., Haag M., Walker J. & Koch R. L. 2018. Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) captured on purple prism traps deployed for detection of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis)(Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Minnesota.The Great Lakes Entomologist 51 (1): 3. https:// doi.org/10.22543/0090-0222.2203
- Prabhakar C. S., Sing P., Managanvi K. & Ahmad R. 2023. First Report of Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) as an Emerging Insect Pest of Maize in India. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35 (19): 1521-1528. https:// doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i193697
- R Core Team 2025. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Last Modified 2025 Available online: https://www.R-project.org/ (accessed on 24 January 2025)
- Rusanov K., Kovacheva N., Dobreva A. & Atanassov I. 2020. Rosa x damascena Mill. (Rose). In: Novak J. & Bluthner WD. (Eds.): Medicinal, Aromatic and Stimulant Plants. Handbook of Plant Breeding, vol 12. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, pp. 467-500. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030- 38792-1_14
- Rosch V. & Schmitz G. 2014. Phytophagous Arthropod Fauna of Chinese Mugwort Artemisia verlotiorum, Lamotte, 1877 (Asteraceae) in Central Europe, particularly the Lake Constance Region. Entomologia generalis 35 (1): 33-45.
- Sahayaraj K. 2014. Reduviids and Their Merits in Biological Control. In: Sahayaraj, K. (Ed.): Basic and Applied Aspects of Biopesticides. New Delhi: Springer, pp. 195-214. https:// doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1877-7_10
- Sakalian V. P., Dimova V. I. & Damianov G. C. 1993. Utilization of colour traps for faunistic investigations on beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera). Proceedings of the Second National Scientific Conference in Entomology, 25-27 October, Sofia, Bulgaria, pp. 47-51.
- Sakalian V. & Langourov M. 2004. Colour trap a method for distributional and ecological investigations of Buprestidae (Coleoptera). Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 68 (1): 53-59.
- Schuh R. T. & Weirauch C. 2020. True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): Classification and Natural History. Monograph Series Vol. 8. Rochdale: Siri Scientific Press. 800 p.
- Simov N. 2013. The dendrobiont true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) associated with conifers from families Pinaceae, Cupressaceae and Taxaceae in Bulgaria. Unpublished PhD thesis. National Museum of Natural History, Sofia, 1-171. (In Bulgarian).
- Simov N. 2016.The invasive brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Stal, 1855) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) already in Bulgaria. Ecologica Montenegrina 9: 51-53. https://doi.org/: 10.37828/em.2016.9.8.
- Simov N., Langourov M., Grozeva S. & Gradinarov D. 2012. New and interesting records of alien and native true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Bulgaria. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 64 (3): 241-252.
- Strawinski K. 1959. Heteroptera for the fauna of Bulgaria. Bulletin de l'Institut de Zoologie et Musee 8: 77-81.
- Subchev M. A., Toshova T. B., Andreev R. A., Petrova V. D., Maneva V. D., Spasova T. S., Marinova N. T., Minkov P. M., Velchev D. I. 2013. Catches of target and non-target scarab pests in floral-chemical baited color traps in Bulgaria. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 48 (1): 87-94. https://doi.org/10.1556/APhyt.48.2013.1.8
- Sweet M. H. 1960. The seed bugs: a contribution to the feeding habits of the Lygaeidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 53 (3): 317-321.
- Takacs S., Bottomley H., Andreller I., Zaradnik T., Schwarz J., Bennett R., Strong W. & Gries G. 2009. Infrared radiation from hot cones on cool conifers attracts seed-feeding insects. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276 (1657): 649-655.
- Topalov V. 1978. The Kazanlak rose and the rose production in Bulgaria. Plovdiv: Hristo G. Danov. 210 p. (In Bulgarian).
- Toshova T. B., Velchev D. I., Abaev V. D., Kalushkov P. K., Orgovan E., Lohonyai Z., Toth M. & Koczor S. 2017. Nontarget Coleoptera species captured in coloured sticky traps in maize crops in Bulgaria.Acta Zoologica Bulgarica Suppl. 9: 237-246.
- Valentin R. E., Nielsen A. L., Wiman N. G., Lee D. H. & Leskey T. C. 2017. Global invasion network of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys. Scientific Reports 7: 9866. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10315-w.
- Vetek G. & Koranyi D. 2017. Severe damage to vegetables by the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), in Hungary. Periodicum Biologorum 119 (2): 129-134.
- Wagner E. 1974. Die Miridae Hahn, 1831, des Mittelmeerraumes und der Makaronesischen Inseln (Hemiptera, Heteroptera), Teil 1. Entomologische Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Staatlichen Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden 37, Suppl. (1970-1971). 1484 p.
- Yazici G. 2019. Host relationships and Heteropterans as aphid predators in Turkey. Plant Protection Bulletin/Bitki Koruma Bulteni 59 (4): 85-92. https://doi.org/10.16955/ bitkorb.576075
- Zarev K. 2018. Bulgarian rose production and the traditional culture. Bulgaria, Kazanlak: Yanita. 211p.
- Zhu G., Bu W., Ga Y. & Liu G. 2012. Potential geographic distribution of brown marmorated stink bug invasion (Halyomorpha haly s). PLoS One 7 (2): e31246.
- Zlatev S., Margina A. & Tsvetkov R. 2001. Breeding of Kazanlik oil rose. Kazanlak: Helicon Press. (In Bulgarian).