Published July 30, 2025 | Version v1
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Explorando la trayectoria de la Bioarqueología y la Paleopatología en el Ecuador: Desafíos actuales y futuras direcciones

Authors/Creators

  • 1. Universitat Rovira i Virgili

Description

La bioarqueología y la paleopatología han tenido un notable desarrollo a nivel global, al permitir reconstruir aspectos clave del pasado, tales como el estado de salud, la prevalencia de enfermedades, las prácticas funerarias y los patrones de movilidad, a través del análisis de restos humanos. En Ecuador, aunque ambas disciplinas aún se encuentran en proceso de consolidación,
han evidenciado un crecimiento sostenido en las últimas décadas, lo que demuestra su alto potencial para enriquecer la comprensión biocultural de las poblaciones del pasado.

Este artículo ofrece una revisión crítica del desarrollo histórico y actual de estas disciplinas en el país. Se analiza su trayectoria a lo largo de casi cinco décadas de investigación, desde los estudios pioneros hasta los enfoques más recientes, incluyendo abordajes innovadores que utilizan materiales distintos a los restos óseos y dentales. Asimismo, se examinan las contribuciones realizadas desde Ecuador al conocimiento paleopatológico andino regional, identificando avances relevantes junto con vacíos persistentes.

Este estudio también destaca los principales obstáculos que han limitado su consolidación, como la ausencia de una colección osteológica humana documentada, la escasa infraestructura técnica, la limitada financiación para proyectos científicos y la baja visibilidad internacional de la producción académica local.

A partir de este análisis, se proponen estrategias orientadas a fortalecer la institucionalización, la formación especializada y la proyección científica de ambas disciplinas. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre su rol fundamental en la reconstrucción de las poblaciones del pasado y el potencial de Ecuador para convertir su patrimonio biocultural en una fuente significativa de conocimiento científico, educativo y cultural.

Abstract

Bioarchaeology and paleopathology have experienced significant global development by enabling the reconstruction of key aspects of the human past, such as health status, disease prevalence, funerary practices, and mobility patterns, through the analysis of human remains. In Ecuador, although both disciplines are still in the process of consolidation, they have shown steady growth in recent decades, demonstrating strong potential to enrich the biocultural understanding of past populations.

This article offers a critical review of the historical and current development of these fields in the country. It examines their trajectory over nearly five decades of research, from early pioneering studies to the most recent approaches, including innovative methodologies that involve materials other than bones and teeth. It also explores the contributions made from Ecuador to the Andean paleopathological knowledge, highlighting significant advances alongside persistent gaps.

This study further identifies the main challenges that have hindered the consolidation of these disciplines, such as the lack of a documented human osteological collection, limited technical infrastructure, insufficient funding for scientific projects, and the low
international visibility of local academic output.

Based on this analysis, the article proposes strategies aimed at strengthening the institutionalization, specialized training, and scientific projection of both disciplines. Finally, it reflects on their fundamental role in reconstructing past populations and argues that, through coordinated strategic actions by researchers and institutions, Ecuador has the potential to transform its biocultural heritage into a meaningful source of scientific, educational, and cultural knowledge.

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Additional titles

Translated title (English)
Exploring the trajectory of Bioarchaeology and Paleopathology in Ecuador: Current challenges and future directions

Identifiers

ISSN
2960-8120

Dates

Submitted
2025-05-26
Accepted
2025-06-27

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