Fluxes along gradients: how water saturation regulates CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes in the terrestrial-aquatic continuum

Wetlands are vital ecosystems that support biodiversity, regulate water, and play a key role in greenhouse gas (GHG) dynamics. This study focused on an oxbow lake along the Po River, examining CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O fluxes under varying soil moisture. Droughts increased CO₂ emissions through carbon mineralization, while CH₄ rose with soil saturation. N₂O emissions peaked in drier soils, likely due to enhanced nitrification. The net warming potential varied across the terrestrial-aquatic gradient, with CO₂ dominating in dry zones and CH₄ in saturated areas. Wetland management should prioritize hydrological restoration and vegetation diversity to boost carbon sequestration.