ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS: INSIGHTS FROM SPUTUM CULTURE ANALYSIS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN TELANGANA

Introduction:Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly in developing countries like India, where the burden is significantly higher. The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR especially among Gram-negative bacteria,complicates clinical management, highlighting the need for region-specific surveillance to guide empirical therapy. This study aims to evaluate the bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of sputum and endotracheal aspirates from patients with suspected LRTIs in a tertiary care center in Telangana.

Materials and Methods:A prospective study was conducted from January 2024 to May 2025 in the Department of Microbiology. A total of 406 sputum and endotracheal aspirate samples were collected from patients aged 18 years with clinical features of LRTI. Samples were processed using standard microbiological techniques and assessed using Bartletts criteria. Isolates were identified by colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI 2025 guidelines

Conclusion:The study underscores a high burden of Gram-negative pathogens in LRTIs with notable multidrug resistance, especially in ICU settings.. Routine culture, local antibiograms, and antimicrobial stewardship programs are essential for optimizing treatment outcomes and combating AMR in respiratory infections.