ESMO Science and Implementation Plan 2024–2033

The ESMO Science and Implementation Plan is structured around three key scientific objectives that will guide climate science modelling, data assimilation, and observational efforts over the next decade. These objectives address critical gaps in our ability to monitor, predict, and project the Earth system across temporal and spatial scales. They include: (1) enhancing Earth system predictions from weeks to centuries through integrated model-observation frameworks; (2) improving the monitoring, understanding, and attribution of climate change and impacts with robust uncertainty analysis; and (3) advancing and leveraging emerging modelling and observational technologies. The Plan also outlines the structure and modes of operation of ESMO, emphasizing coordination among WCRP Core Projects, Lighthouse Activities, and the WCRP Academy to identify priority topics, foster collaboration, and accelerate scientific progress.