A Comprehensive Review of Jasminum sambac Encompassing Its Botany, Phytochemistry, And Pharmacological Potential

Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton, commonly referred to as Arabian jasmine, is an evergreen flowering shrub belonging to the family Oleaceae. Native to South and Southeast Asia, it is now widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions across Asia, the Pacific Islands, and Africa. Morphologically, the plant grows to a height of 1–3 meters and is characterized by its fragrant, white flowers arranged in terminal clusters. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the plant's botanical characteristics, phytochemical profile, traditional medicinal applications, and pharmacological properties. Phytochemical investigations have revealed that J. sambac contains a diverse array of bioactive constituents, including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolic acids, and essential oils. Traditionally, various parts of the plant, particularly the leaves and flowers, have been employed in the treatment of fever, skin disorders, wounds, menstrual irregularities, respiratory ailments, and headaches. Pharmacological studies have substantiated many of these traditional claims, demonstrating that J. sambac exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anticancer activities. The wide spectrum of biological activities associated with Jasminum sambac underscores its potential as a promising candidate for the development of novel plant-derived therapeutic agents.