Militia, Boko Haram, Banditry, and Infrastructure Bursts: Impacts on Nigerian Energy Systems

Intentional attacks on energy systems by non-state actors are continuously rising in politically unstable regions, creating profound economic, environmental, and geopolitical risks. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of how non-state actor activities-particularly militancy, insurgency, and armed banditry-undermine Nigeria's energy systems through targeted attacks on oil and gas infrastructure as well as power transmission networks. By compiling and analysing two major datasets covering 2009-2025, we assess the economic and environmental impacts of these attacks and also analyse disruptions on power generation and supply on two case studies: the 2016 Shell Forcados terminal bombing and the 2024 Shiroro transmission line vandalization. 

Note:

1. The Combined_Energy_Attacks.csv dataset provides georeferenced records of attacks on oil and gas and electricity transmission infrastructure, including oil and gas facilities, transmission towers, substations, and related assets. 

2. The Oil_Loss_2009_2024.xlsx contains annual aggregates of crude oil losses (million barrels) and corresponding monetary values (billion USD) from attacks on oil and gas infrastructure, crude theft and spill incidents, compiled from industry reports and prior studies.