Raw data for article: Archaeometric Insights into Pre-pottery Neolithic Clay Technologies at Ba`ja, Jordan: Distinguishing Three Types of Clay Objects

This dataset contains high-resolution photomicrographs and raw archaeometric data related to the article “Archaeometric Insights into Pre-pottery Neolithic Clay Technologies at Ba`ja, Jordan: Distinguishing Three Types of Clay Objects.” 

• 10.1007/s12520-025-02262-y

The dataset includes:

• All photomicrographs of thin sections published in the article, as well as additional unpublished images
• Each image file (JPG format) is labeled with the sample name, magnification, and whether it was taken under plane-polarized light (PPL) or crossed polars (XPL).
• The photomicrographs were taken using Canon 60D and 40D cameras mounted on an Olympus BX51 petrographic microscope.
• Four photomicrographs of thin sections from an experimental firing of calcareous clay tempered with avian eggshells. The firing was conducted in a furnace preheated to 900 °C and maintained for 15 minutes to simulate rapid firing conditions.
• Raw X-ray diffraction (XRD) data in .xrdml format, an open XML-based format. Each file includes full instrumentation and measurement metadata and is labeled according to sample names.

Research was supported by following projects and intstitutions:

• GAČR GA20-19542S (Tracing the Neolithic transition through the first pottery)
• Ready for the future: understanding long-term resilience of the human culture project (CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004593)
• financial support of the Ministry of Transport within the programme of long-term conceptual development of research institutions (MD/8449/2021/710)
• institutional support by the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology, Brno (RVO: 68081758). We acknowledge CzechNanoLab Research Infrastructure supported by MEYS CR (LM2023051).