Structural Health Monitoring (SHM): A Comprehensive Review

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is an essential technology for assessing the condition of civil,
aerospace, and mechanical structures in real-time. It enhances safety, reduces maintenance costs, and
extends the lifespan of critical infrastructure. This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of SHM
systems, including their principles, methods, technologies, and applications. Challenges in SHM
deployment and future trends are also discussed, emphasizing the role of smart materials, wireless sensor
networks, and artificial intelligence in advancing SHM technologies.